Tamɣart d azgen zeg unamur, d ul nnes iccaten, d asatur n tisit n maṛṛa tizgʷurin d timernatin d ulullet. Suya, tettwawc taynit d ukamed i usentl nness zeg imarzzuten d imkamaden n tigtiẓlinin, aked tawuri nnes di tudart n tisermunin, ijja ad as tettwawac taynit deg imḍakaren x waddur d tiseqqar nnes, issmalan ca n umasasar d usemḍi n temẓṛayt d tuxezzart ɣar timedert a, jar timzazin d tiḍfarin tisertitin d tiɣermanin d timeggayin tikadimitin d tizerfanin.
Tadaft a ntxs zgs:
- Assaɣ n tfawt x Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt di tudaṛt tadelsant n unamun nnes di Aṛṛif deg igaṛ n usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ, di tizi tamiwant d tizi tamiṛayt.
Ad taṛṛ x iseqsiten a:
- Min ɛnant Tiwuṛiwin d tilalin n tmɣaṛt di Aṛṛif deg igaṛ n usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ?
- Min ɛnant timeẓṛitin n tifṛṛutin n tmɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ?
- Min ɛnant tisnamkin tidelsanin d ṛaggʷaj azamul n tifṛṛutin n tmɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif x uwenni x wadduṛ d tawuṛi nnes di tudaṛt tadlsanit n useṛmun nnes?
- Wac nzemmaṛ a nssiwel x umuti d tamaṛniwt di tifṛṛutin n tmɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ, s ca timeẓṛa timssinin ttmanent, niɣ tamɣaṛt a deg imutiyen ittemsaṛen deg igaṛ adelsan d unamun Aṛifiy, iweddeṛ as wadduṛ d tilalt nnes di tudaṛt tadlsanit n uwamun nnes, aṛ wami tedwel tessumṛa asnflul n midden, xlli wami tewweḍ s nedṛeɛ ɣeṛ tiɣuṛi s tumumt, nuffa tejja tiwggḍet d tzaɣaṛt deg usneflul nnes s ca n tifṛas timɣṛunin, iqqim usɣl n tfṛṛut nnes deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ yudṛus, yumum, d ict n tugna/ tawlaft ismalan aṛaq d udduṛ i ɣaṛes a temɣaṛt tamaziɣt deg unamun, d tutlayt d tadelsa nnes di ssuq d umsɣal d umnnay adelsan d uzamul?
Tnnuṛẓen tadaft a di tadast n iseqsiten a x tuṛdawin a:
Tamezwaṛut: nẓaṛ blli tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt temmu s tiṛaṛt temɣaṛ deg usneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ, g uẓanẓ n usneflul amiwan, zdat ma tnnigṛa g uẓanẓ n usneflul uzmmem d umiṛay niɣ atṛaṛ.
Tiss snat: nẓaṛ blli amewḍi n titaṛt n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt deg usneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ jaṛ sin n tiẓanẓin, ismala g ijj uɣeẓḍis anigṛi n wadduṛ n tmeṭṭut a deg usneflul gi tiẓanẓin a s sin. deg uɣeẓḍis nniḍen tillit n waṭṭaṣ n imental ismalan anegṛi d udwal ɣeṛ tkaṛmin, man aya iqqen aked tuskiwt tixeft tettwila, id ijjin ijj n usuṛs d amaynu iwwi ɣeṛ tumsekṛaḍt n unamun awtem d tbabat d tadelsa tamiṛayt issinfen isnigṛan tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif, smuttyent ɣeṛ ict n tẓnẓant d tifilt d «dikuṛ» n usussen d tissumṛa n iqcucen g ijj n umeẓṛi/umuɣli inzeɣ ittwakkes zeg iẓewṛan nnes, di akud ixes ijj n unamun ad aks tili tumquddit d tugdut jaṛ tewtemt d uwtem, jaṛ tamɣaṛt d waṛgaz, ad aks yili useɣtes azeṛfan d umeṛsal d udelsan s tseqqaṛ d izeṛfan n temɣaṛt tamaziɣṛt di Aṛṛif g usneflul d tugi s tidet d usugṛ d usmhl.
Amamk n tadaft:
1- Asussen n iṛmmusen d iṛimen n minzi ittwasni izwl n tadaft:
1-1 Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt;
1-2 Asneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ;
2- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ di Aṛṛif, g uẓanẓ n usneflul amiwan:
3- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ di Aṛṛif, g uẓanẓ n usneflul n uzmmem d umiṛay niɣ atṛaṛ:
Deg uzwl n tadaft ca n iṛmmusen d iṛimen ssɣusan assisfiw n unamek nsen maḥend ad itwakkes iṛiṭṭiy d umlallas izmṛen ad ibed deg ubṛid n uṛmes n unṛmas/umaṭṭaf. Zeg iṛmmusen d iṛimen a nttaf:
1- 1- Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt:
Nettat d imideṛ d anefgan d tawtmant d amsadaɣ aked uwtem aṛyaz, isem nnes “tamɣaṛt” ittini deg usnils: tameqṛant, tamezwaṛt, taxataṛt, asuf awtem nnes: “amɣaṛ” ittinin: ameqṛan n teqbitc d unamuṛ, axataṛ, amezwaṛ. Man aya ittemẓaṛ niɣ ittnekkaṛ ɣa ca n imṛazzuten d ijj n wudem x wadduṛ amattay d uweqqaṛ ameqṛan iṛa tettfejjij ges temɣaṛt tamaziɣt deg usnamun nnes amezyan (taddaṛt, tawacunt, dcaṛ, taqbitc) d umiṛiw (anamun amaziɣ). Nezmaṛ ad naṛni a man aya n usnils, tillit n ca iẓewṛan d utlayen smalan belli amas n twacunt tkesssit temɣaṛt. Aṛ assa imaziɣen ttssimsen taɣuni/tamaqqunt n tawmat ɣeṛ temɣaṛt, tawalt n “Uma” d “Utcma/ Utma” teqqen ɣeṛ uẓwaṛ “Ma” d “Mma” ittinin imma d tayemmat. Uma ittini memmis n yemma, wetcma ttini yellis n yemma, maci n baba. Nttaf ɛad ṛuxa tumant n usunneḍ d ussims n taṛwa d iḥenjiṛen ɣeṛ yemmatsen tella di ca n idɣaṛen, d ismawen d ticnyatin n twacunin d tiṛbaɛin d tiɣiwanin d ijajguten d iɣṣan d tiqebbal.
Ittman zi min ittwannan, belli anamun amaziɣ, zges anamun aṛifi, iṛa illa di ca n tallit n umezṛuy nnes d ijj n unamun n tyemmat, zdat ma ad yemmuti ɣeṛ unamun n tbabat.
Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di tadaft a, nettxes zages tawtemt izmaṛ ad ttili tayemmat d tamɣaṛt n waṛgaz, taɛezṛit, d tawtcmat... g ijj n igaṛ d adelsan d amezṛay d aṛakal yusid di iẓẓlmeḍ n lmeṛṛuk itwassen s Aṛṛif.
1-2- Asneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ:
Nttaf aṭṭas n isnummal ittwawcen i usneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ, man aya ɣaṛes aqqan aked tidwalin n tiẓiṛin d tiwngimin. zeg isnummal a, nzemmaṛ a nucc ijjen usenml i usneflul aseklan s wanni:» netta d ict n tmggit tungimt tasnayt tbed x tugi d ufaṛs d usnneflula d taṛnawt deg uẓiṛu d wagg n tmusniwin d tunmilin d tiwengimin tisklanin qqnent ɣeṛ maṛṛa inawen n tẓuṛi d tsekla, s tuska n uweqqaṛ isentan d imssutken n tmaggit tasneflult g igi aseklan”.
Asneflul anẓuṛ netta d ict tmaggit tungimt tbed x bezzaf n tizmiṛin ttwasnent s waṭṭaṣ n tifṛas, ttawi d timeṛnit d taṛnawt deg igaṛ n taẓuṛi d min iqqnen ɣeṛs n inawen.
Nzemmaṛ a nini blli: asneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ d tafṛest g adjji (anlli) n umeddan/ ufeggan, tlalit d ufuɣ nnes ɣaṛ tudaṛt uɛaṛen tt ttwaqqen tt ɣeṛ waṭṭaṣ n tizmiṛin. ittban belli tmaggit n waf d taṛzzuyt x tesneflult n iḍṛiṣen d waṛṛa iseklanen d inẓuṛen imiwanen niɣ d imiṛayen teqqen ɣaṛ tiɣuṛiwin n timegga ya, ḥuma ad ttessemled tifṛas tutlayin d tizmiṛin tinaẓuṛin d timamkin n tiṛa d timsnukyisin d tiwlafin tizamulin d tiẓilin... maḥend a tnebḍeḍ x uswiṛ n usneflul nnes.
zi min neẓṛa izguṛ, nzemmaṛ a nini belli asneflul aseklan d unẓuṛ di tadaft a, netta d ict n tmggit d wagg d taṛnawt n iḍṛiṣen iseklanen d inẓuṛen s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif, n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛif, g uẓanẓ n usneflul amiwan, d uẓanẓ n usneflul uzmmem d umiṛay niɣ atṛaṛ.
2- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ di Aṛṛif, g uẓanẓ n usneflul amiwan; timeẓṛa, ṛaggʷaj d tisnamkin:
2-1- Deg usneflul aseklan amiwan azayku:
Itban zeg udwal ɣaṛ umezṛuy d timektit tamegṛawt belli tamɣaṛt deg unamun Amaziɣ azayku di Aṛṛif, ɣaṛes timmegga timeqṛanin di tudaṛt tadelsant n wamun nnes, iṛa d tamseflult n bezzaf n inawen unuɣen iseklanen, qqnen ɣeṛ umiwan d tedfaṛt temsadafen jaṛ asen amux itman zeg taskimt a swadday:
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Zi taskimt a sennej, nzemmaṛ a nini belli tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif, iṛa d asatuṛ n tamggit tasneflulit di tsekla tagdudit/tamdnant tamiwant, tssneflul di maṛṛa inawen iseklanen deg walas ula deg izlan.
2-1-1- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul n tinfas:
Tetwawcc i tmeṭṭut tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif tawuṛi n uɛawed n tinfas, d tidet tssenflul tiṛaṛt a, d sken, d nɣed timggitin n uɛawed d walas d uzdeɣ n tudmiwin. Iyyeh xelli d iwetman d yaṛgazen ttɛawaden tinfas, maca timɣaṛin d twetmin d netnint igg ittwasnen s uɛawed n tinfas. Amya nttaf tinannatin d tiyemmatin d tinttatin d tinatin d tiwetcmatin timeqṛanin igg ittɛawadent tinfas, ca n twalatin nttaf xelli d idadden d ibabaten d umaten tɛawaden, yina d ttina maṛṛa d inanen n twacunt, tawuṛi a tzemmaṛ ad tegg ca n temṛadast n twacunt gi ca n tilmmiẓin, zemmaṛen ad swizan x ullas d uɛawed bezzaf n udmawen.
Ittmun waṛṛu n twacunt d imṛadasen nnes, tteggen taqwiṛt s wannaḍ i tamallust ittṛajan ad teṭṭef asuteṛ zzagsen ttetṛen as ad asen tɛawed tanfust. Awaṛni n wemsawal jaṛ asen, ttessen tamɛawdt ma stidet imaṭṭafen imeslan id as d yenḍen aqan wejden ad slen ad ḍefṛen allas d uɛawd, ssenni tsenta deg uɛawed n tenfust s ict n temsezgaṛut ttemɛawad teccuṛ s tebṛatin zeg sent tabṛat n tḍeḥḥayt d tazzuyt n tumeṛt d uswizi d umyawaz.
Tsenta tamssizwaṛut n tinfas di Aṛṛif n wammas d usammaṛ s usṛusi n temɛawdt i yijj n useqsi x wakud, teqqaṛ gs: «Mata mata?/melmi, melmi?» tamṛaṛut xs ttased d tamgṛawt tmun ẓ ɣaṛ imeslan qqaṛen gs: «sala txaf/sseqsa waṛ d twged»; a ttini d belli aṛṛaw a amegṛaw uḍfen deg unemsawal jaṛ asen, s useqsi d temṛaṛut, ismala aya belli imeslan imaṭṭafen ttinin zeg umezwaṛu aqa netnin d imedwilen aked temɛawdt, swizan temyawasen maṛṛa deg uɛawed d ullas n tenfust, d man aya intaf di tasddaṛt tameggaṛut n tamsizgaṛyt, s usmun n tawalt a «mala d weddaṛ a tt naf», ismal aya belli aɛawed d ullas n tenfust ttilin s umegṛaw d uswizi, jaṛ tinni d yenni miɣaṛ llant tizemmaṛ x uɛawed d ullas, yak deg ijj n umensi d wallas, din tazmeṛt ad twasedjjent aṭṭaà n tinfas s bezzaf n tmijwin d tallasin.
Di tmeggaṛut tenfalal tenfust s ict n tasddaṛt teqqaṛ «tweddaṛ nufit» tesmala belli aɛawed n tenfust imsaṛ s uswizi n umegṛaw.
Ḥuma ad itwaṭṭef umesli/umaṭṭaf, ad yeḍfaṛ anefṛu d umagis n tenfust, itemsaṛ ijj n umasawaḍ immeṛwi iṛɣa, amux itban zi tawnaɣt a swadday:
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Itbedd umṣawaḍ a x wallas illan d ijj n ufṛḍis d asatuṛ, nettaf aɛawed n ullas n tinfas ittili s bezzaf n tbṛidin gsent tumaṛt d usḥuz ittemsaṛen s usidef n tmaggin n uswizi, amaknaw: asejbed d usmiẓẓeḍ n wanuɣ d unina n tmijjwin, d usegdeṛ d usezded n wawal, d usenfl n tifṛas n wudem, d umussu n taddut alendad usufeɣ n wawal d iddaden, d useṛwas n tudmiwin d imudaṛ (ṛmaṛagnaw) d maṛṛa ifeṛdisen n ugama di tenfust, maḥend tamallast ad ttegg asɣal imeslan s tnilawt n tenfust ad asen ttɣil d tidet min xef tɛawad, ḥuma ad yili aya, tṛanni ttegg tiweṣṣaf/asnumel d tiwlafin d imsaṛen, tssadas d imuɣliten/imeẓṛiten ɣeṛ unuṭṭaf d imesla s usfukki d ussṛwas d uzdduɣ, ttegg tizemmaṛ maḥend ad yeɛdu umeṛbaz zi tmukṛizin d tiɛekṛaf d maṛṛa ugṛisen s tiṛugza d tiɣist d twengint d uẓiḍeṛ d taɣṛṛiṣt ḥuma ad yaweḍ deg uneggaṛ ɣeṛ taṛnawt d udwal a tumeṛt, di ca wakud ttetɣennej ca n tisddaṛin n izlan xemli asuṛes ittsenful aya, maɣaṛ din aṭṭaṣ n tinfas gsent afṛdis a n dṛama.
Tinfas zeg inawen iseklanen iṛiwanen, miɣaṛ taḍfaṛit tamiwant, ttadfent di tsekla tagdudit tawinumak d tamunt, ttmewḍant tisnamkin x ukama n uṛmus d umsaṛ, netnint d tintamin zemmaṛ ad ttili ɣaṛ sent tizumal ɣeṛ ca n umaḍal d uwngim d umaẓlay, ttsaɣulent x ca n iɣeẓḍisen zeg umezṛuy n twengimin d inlliten, ittawttun niɣ imsaṛ xefsent useɣdi, d tifṛitin n unfṛu iḍṛiṣen deg uduf n tɣeṛbazin n tudaṛt ɣaṛ iyduden umi wa llint tiɣeṛbazin tunṣibin, niɣ nnigṛant di taggit nsent, twasegguṛnt tiwattasin d tisuɣad d tiwettasin nsent i ca n tṛabbitin d tigṛawin tidṛsiyin ɣaṛsent tanbaḍt d usegguṛ.
Suya, nttaf iḍṛiṣen n tinfas gsen taguṛi teccuṛ s timsiṛin timelmadin d timɣṛin tinmmalin d tiɣaṛiwin ttwettasent ad ẓẓun izalen imuṣbiḥen d tiklitin isegden di tukdut ad ssefsint tiklitin d izalen uṛ yeḥlin deg unamun s usewgged d usgaji n imeslan zegsent.
Tinfas d asneflul d aẓiṛu d adelsan, smalan gsent ayduden n midden innimen aked tmiwant izalen nyellan d intti d astuṛ n tamunit d uzdiy nnes gi tilit. Tinfas d tisit id ismalan imedwan n tilit, ttedsent tiɣuniyin tukmamin d tiniman.
Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif tegga tizemmaṛ mɣaṛent ḥuma ad tsneflul deg uɛawed d wallas, d taselmadt tuzzel bezzaf maḥend ad tesselmed awal d tutlayt d uxaṛṛeṣ d uswingem imeslan d inaṭṭafen iwetman d twetmin imazyanen d imeqṛanen, d ssiṛiw aswingem, tssemɣaṛ tsgem awlef d uwwingem d twengint d tiɣist imezyanen, tssecc asen macca tecna i wadjji, tsmuti asen izalen imuṣbiḥen, tejjin teṭṭfen gsent awaṛni ict n tmaggit n usetti d umenɣi jaṛ min iḥlan d min icqan zeg izalen, amux itman zi taskimt a swadday:
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Itban belli Tameṭṭut tamaziɣt tamseflult n tinfas tessetu taneccint d iman nnes, isem nnes uṛ tssenmel deg usgmeḍ n tinfas, tesmal belli nettat tesseɣṛeṣ s iman nnes i unamun nnes amezyan d umiṛiw, ta d ict n tumant nttafit di tsekla tagdudit tamiwant, mani ifessi umesneflul amdan deg umsneflul amegṛaw.
Aked usenti n uzemmem n tsekla a d tiṛa n iḍṛiṣen nnes, nufa izemmamen ssekten ismawen n tinni d yenni isen itɛawaden tinfas, deg igaṛa, idlisen n tsekla n unemɣeṛ iṛa zguṛen ssekten ismawen n ca n timɣaṛin zi Aṛṛif, deg wannaz anammas, iṛa llant d asagem n timɛawda x ca n imṛubḍa d iguṛṛamen d iṛifiyyen, di tifṛkt tatṛaṛt, nufa aṭṭaṣ n imṛazzutn ,di Aṛṛif, zemmen ismawen n timɣaṛin i d asen iɛawden tinfas.
2-1-2- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul n izlan igduden imiwanen:
Nzemmaṛ a nini belli tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif, di tifṛkt taseklant tamiwant taḍfaṛt, iṛa ɣaṛs tazmaṛt x usneflul n izlan, melmi maa, di taddaṛt ula di baṛṛa, deg uṛtu deg ubṛid, deg iɣzaṛ, di tala, di waṭṭaṣ n isatalen, deg usfuglan d tumeṛt n tmeɣṛiwin d twizawin, deg imsagaṛen d inmuggaṛen, deg ufṛa ula deg umenɣi d umesnekkaṛ, d nettat d iles n twacunt d uṛṛaw d taṛbiɛt d unamun nnes imzin ula miṛiw/ izdin, ttini izlan x tayṛi d umuni d taccit nnes alendad uḥbib d tawmat d tidukla d tiṛugza d umenɣi iṛifiyyen tssiwel x uwezwez d unezbaṛ d tanɣiwt d uṛubi d temṛeṛ d tumeṛṛt d taṛniwt d tumeṛt, tsmuti i dd asuṛes n tallest d laẓ d useɛṛeq d utlaɛ d utewweḥ iṛifiyyen di tmuṛa n ṛbaṛni d midden... x umutten n imṛayyan d iḥewassen d imeḍfaṛen nsen, d imṛubḍa d iggʷṛṛamen, x tungimt n ufeggan aṛifiy, d tibṛidin i yeḍfaṛ di tudaṛt, d uxezzaṛ ɣeṛ ixef nnes d tneccit d midden d ddunnit d umaḍal. izlan nnes twasnen s tifṛas n talɣa d unfṛu d unẓuṛi nsen. Tenna s yezlan, belli ɣaṛs tizemmaṛ kdaṛent deg usefṛuṛi d umudi d usneflil n isefṛan:
- Macḥa(ṛ) ɣay zeg izṛan ṛalla yemma aniniɣ.
Ssiɣ-ay d bluma a ya llif anaṛiɣ.
- Ksi izṛan ksi ma tɣiṛ ak ad qḍan.
Uṛiɣ ten s bluma d lemdad uliman.
- Min ɣay zeg izṛan uṛin am lquṛan.
Ɛlik mṛi u djjin zi ṛḥiseb n cciṭṭan.
- Sḥess d i yyezlan, ma ittɣil am ad qḍan?
Necc d macina i iḥaṛṛyen ddexxan.
- Necc d teɛcaṛt inu, izlan nettḥssab i ten.
Ad as tiqa, ntaṛi ten s stilu neqqaṛ i ten.
- Min ɣaṛi d izlan waṛ daysen ufiɣ aṛṛuḥ.
Mṛi lliɣ d ṭṭaleb, ad asen ṭṭfeɣ lluḥ.
- Iggʷuṛ iqqaṛ asen: «teqqim din i yezlan!»
«Ini t, tɛawed as, ini t, i necc ma ad ayi qḍan!»
- ini d akidi izlan! Ma tɣiled ad ayi qḍan?
uṛiɣ ten s stilu, s lemdad n Uliman.
- Cḥal ɣaṛi zeg yezlan wḍan ayi deg wanu!
Xmi xafsen ɣa beddeɣ, ad ten d jebdeɣ s ufiṛu.
- Ad ṛaḥeɣ ad qqimeɣ awaṛn i wemṛabeḍ,
Ad ṣenteɣ i lalla Buya umi d iffeɣ uɛawed.
Waṛ i bed deg ubṛid usneflul n yezlan n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt, di akud a, di Aṛṛif, ṛa tiẓellayin tinamunin tidfaṛin n ca tiwacunin d timnaḍin, uṛa timskṛḍt d tiṛna n iwetman, uṛa d timukkanin n wemɣaṛ aneṛbaz Muḥend mmis n Ɛabdekṛim, ula tadelsa n ṛefquyat. Manaya maṛṛa waṛ sbedden, waṛ snigṛen tikli n usneflul azlawi n tmeṭṭut di Aṛṛif d ummklay d uṣiweḍ n tibṛatin nnes di tmṛsalin tidelsanin d tiseṛmunin timziṛigin n unamun aṛifiy, zdat ma ad ndeṛfent s wefsay d tikkest i yemsaṛn aked tadaft n uḥewwas, d min ijṛan awaṛn as n imuttiyen. Min yemsaṛen i yezlan n temɣaṛt, yemsaṛ ula uɣennij d cḍiḥ nnes. Maca man tawuṛi i tiṛaṛ temɣaṛt a deg usneflul aẓuṛi aneḍfaṛ di Aṛṛif?.
2-2- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aẓuṛi aneḍfaṛ di Aṛṛif:
Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif iṛa tella d ict n tmsnefult n taẓuṛi aneḍfaṛ, s tmegga d tugga d umṛay n waṭṭaṣ n inawen iẓuṛiten d timssinitin d tifuglanin d ṛefṛaji, zagsent: aɣnnej d cḍiḥ d umezgun d ugzay d uẓṭṭa n tiɛṛawin d umsaṛ x ufṛuṛ d aṛcem di taddaṛt d baṛṛa nnes, s tizemmaṛ gdaṛent ccuṛent s tifṛas d izumalen miɣaṛ ṛaggʷaj d asenfi d tengalt d waẓṛi issebhaḍen s uwingem d ulaf. Taskimt a swadday tesmala s uẓẓegẓel ca n tiẓuṛiwin tiḍfaṛin mani tsneflula temɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif.
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Tssenfel tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt tẓuṛi nnes s tawalt d talɣat d unina d timenna d ugzay di taddut d timegga d talɣatin tizamulin id ṛaccem di min iqqnen ɣeṛ tiniḍi am: tamguṛi n uẓeṭṭa d ufṛuṛ d umudi n waṛi d tigeẓḍent d uṛem n timaṛsa, d min iqqnen ɣeṛ taddaṛt nnes. s tmegga ya tsecca, tsessaw alli d wulawen d waẓṛi yedjuẓen, yeffuden tadelsa d tẓuṛi d waẓṛi d tcuni d tuɣeṛma n unamun d waydud Aṛifiy. suya teẓẓu tumeṛt jaṛ imeẓdaɣ d midden deg ulawen itṛqef tumumt d umisṛaw, tssefsis x taṛwa n tmuṛt tacit s uwezwez d tiqqest d tmṛeṛ d ẓẓiyyaṛ, tssiṛid iman d buḥbel zi tɣufawin n tudaṛt d igezzimen nnes, tsseɣmay, tsmuttuy izalen idelsanen d iseṛmunen d iẓilen, bla ma taca s tneccit “tambiṛyalit”, maɣaṛ dinni imentilen d imezṛay d idelsanen d iseṛmunen ssaggʷjen «necc» ssadasen d «neccni», niɣ itwasefsi «necc» di «tanccit tamegṛawt» ( tanccit n ubaṛṛu), manay iṛa itjja asneflul bab nnes d tagṛawt mi ɣaṛ tella tsɣaṛt ad tṭṭef ad tssunneḍ ɣaṛes asneflul a, manaya itṛaḥ aked tbṛidt iḍfaṛen imaziɣen iṛifiyen di tudaṛt nsen d tɣunitin tiseṛmuni i ten itqqnen jaṛ asen, yemmaṛsen x uswizi d umwayas, d tademsa immaṛsen x uweqqaṛ n tmuṛt d ukṛaz d usessu d usyaf d tmegṛa d usaṛwet itilin s twiza d udwil...
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Tssenfel d tswiza tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif deg waṭṭaṣ n telɣatin “tifṛayjiyin” d tifuglanin timyanawin, mmaṛsent x tawalt d umussu d useṛwes d uẓawan d ẓhu, illan d ifeṛḍiṣen min xef itbedda usneflul n «ḍḍṛama» (adṛam), zi tlɣatin ad ssektuɣ: Aɣenja niɣ taslit n tutṛa n wenẓaṛ, Ɛinuẓ, Aqqan n ṛḥenni i tslit, Baccix, Caṛeḥ medjjaḥ, Tandwa n ufeggiṛ...
Tssenfel tmeṭṭut a di ṛmaṣ n cḍiḥ d uɣennej amdnan, deg igaṛ a nttini belli ṛeɣnujj d cḍiḥ d ẓhu di zaykuten di tmnaḍt n Aṛṛif, waxxa tamektit tamegṛawt waṛ teḥḍu ci bezzaf x usneflul a di tsutitin izguṛen tasutit n 20, maca deg wakud n tasutit a iṛa yella uɣennej d cḍiḥ s tiṛiwt d wefsaṛ jaṛ tiqebbaṛ n Aṛṛif, mani nttaf timegga n tamɣaṛt deg igaṛ a gdaṛent, waxxa itwanna bli ca n midden zeg unamun Aṛifi ixzaṛ ɣaṛ cḍiḥ d uɣennej n tmeṭṭut s uzgen n tiṭṭ, maca manaya uṛ ibed deg ubṛid n unɣal d wefsaṛ n cḍiḥ d uɣennej n temɣaṛt taṛifiyt jaṛ tiqebbaṛ d timnaḍin(10).
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Cḍiḥ bṛa yaɣennej, ittini ca n uṛeddeḥ d untg d timussutin fsusent, ten i ceṭḥen tsmussa admaṛ d tammast d ṛekfeṛ d tazukt d taddut nnes, ttili akids titi n wallun, d uṣuḍi gi temja niɣ gi lliṛa niɣ di tcebbabt.
Xmini itsenta cḍiḥ, ttefɣent i dd tiḥenjiṛin d tibliɣin d tiɛezṛiyin, ceddent tikembucin d funaṛat ssenḍen tent x ṛekfeṛ sennej imeṣḍan, ceṭṭḥent a titit n wadjunen d uṣuḍi n ẓẓammaṛ d temja d uɛeyyeḍ d uqiyyep n tmijwin. Ittemsewḍa cḍiḥ x tnixt d unina ɣaṛ waṭṭaṣ n inawen nttaf zegsen:
1- Twist: mani ttilint timussuti fsusent msuzlent, taddut d aṛṛimet ṛeddeḥent, timeṣḍin tṛaḥent ttasent i dd, anina n wallun d lɣa n temja ttilin amya:
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d ẓ
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d ẓ
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d ẓ
2- Lɛalwi: titit n wallun di cḍiḥ a ttili am ya:
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k
Ẓ d k Ẓ d k Ẓ d k
Taddut tmussu maṛṛa, xelli d ifassen, ittili ges usemṛes n tɣṛect/taɣṛit niɣ ca n uqabu iḍṛeq, izmeṛ ad yili yusid deg uṛaq n uẓidan d leklaṭa d uzzal.
3- Lhit: anina d lɣa nnes ittil ammu:
Tik tiz Tik tiz
Tik tiz Tik tiz
Tik tiz Tik tiz
Di cḍiḥ, timɣaṛin d tiḥenjiṛin sliwliwent, agdud afṛayji itɛeyyaḍ zi ṛadjaɣ n tmijwin, timecḍaḥ tkikkiḍent, ṛannint di tmussutin d tmexsa ad qqiment ceṭḥent taɣennant i tuḥḥelt (lweplan).
Inawen a n cḍiḥ ttilin s umegṛaw d ubaṛṛu, timussutin ttilint ḥnunḍent nḍent zi tisi ɣeṛ ufella amaknaw timussutin ifiɣṛan . Manaya itija maṛṛa txes amssizel d uswizi di tmaggit n ṛfujet/tamssusṛaṛt, di tma nniḍen, itban cḍiḥ a d aṛaɣi imaṭṭafen i tiṛaṛt d uswizi maḥend ad zwan ad adfen ɣaṛ weẓẓaṛg ad ggen ṣuṛif deg wakud n nciṛ itwafsaṛen.
4- Tfust: tusid zeg Afus s talɣa tkukkeḥ d tawtmant. Cḍiḥa iṛa swizan ges yaṛgazen ittilin d aduṛ ṭṭfen alunen deg ifassen, aked temɣaṛin itteggent aduṛ nsent aledad n umaledad n yaṛgazen, teṭṭfent deg wayawya s ifassen, niɣ tsaṛḥen ten, maca ssenhezzan ten. ttemussunen iduṛen a s sin, tṛaḥen aṛ zdat mani ɛṛaḥaṛ ad msagaṛen, uka degʷlen ɣaṛ deffaṛ, amya aṛaḥ ased.
Itemsaṛ di cḍiḥ amṣawaḍ s immaken usenfi n taddut ibedden x ifeṛḍiṣen n useṛwes d uṛkab d ubeddeṛ n ṛxeẓṛat d tsmuɣlin.
Nzemmaṛ a naṛni ɣaṛ inawen a ncḍiḥ izguṛen, ijj n unaw nneiḍen tteggit temɣaṛt taṛifit, netta d cḍiḥ iṛwin s uɣennej d ẓhu d uẓawan, ittwassnen s «tiṛaṛt n Buya» niɣ «tiṛaṛt n Aṛayes».
Izwaṛ «Emilio Blanco Izaga» issiwel x tɣuni ismunen jaṛ tiṛaṛt n «ṛalla Buya» d cḍiḥ, ifṛṛez jaṛ as d d cḍiḥ bla yaɣennej.
Tfɣent tbliɣin ad iṛaṛent ad ceḍḥent «ṛalla Buya» gi sin n iduṛen/ṛṣfuf tbeddant udmawen nsent alendad n umalendad, tṛaḥent ttasent i dd, ttemṛadasent ɣaṛ zdat, ttaggʷajent ɣaṛ deffaṛ, maca tnḍent s uɣeẓdis, zeg yeffus aṛ uẓelmaḍ, x tita n wallun illan deg afus n mkul yecten, niɣ ijjen di ṣṣef, tdezznt di tmuṛt s yejj n uḍaṛ, anina n ticti x wallun ttili ammu: «Dẓ tk dẓ Dẓ tk dẓ Dẓ tk dẓ...» itɣima d netta waṛ itbeddiṛen, waxa bedṛent tnixt d unina n uɣennej n Buya, aya iqqaṛ blli cḍiḥ a d unina ya qqnen ɣeṛ timussutin n taddut itṛaḥen d tased, man aya amux ittini «Emilio Blanco» «itjja taddut n tmiṛaṛin waṛ taḥḥeṛ s aṛaḥ ased d timussutin n iḍaṛen, iṛanni iqqaṛ umṛazzu ya, belli cḍiḥ a netta d ict n tuska tamussunt n ict n tiṛiwt “tasikulujit” ttejja timiṛaṛin iceṭḥent waṛ ten ttidef tiggʷdi zdat n ifṛayjiyen d ineṭṭafen ittṛajan tawalt izwaṛen qqaɛ min din nneḍni, s manaya n taka s wadduṛ n tmussut, aya ig yejjin «Emilio Blanco» itḍfaṛ «Malinovskyi» deg wanni blli cḍiḥ a netta yujaṛ asɛeddu n wakud waha.
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Itman ijj numṣawaḍ imɣaṛ jaṛ timiṛaṛin d i ifṛayjiyen itṛajan aṭṭaf n tawnnit n yezlan n Buya, yina ttasend fetlen mmuden, ttefɣend ca n twaliwin d tamment ca n twalatin d aṛubi d aweddaṛ, di ca n wakud d amsawal jaṛ aṛṛu n umegṛaw d unamun, gsen asqiccem d tayṛi d uzawaṛ d usufeɣ n wannayen d taycit d umeɣi s wawal idewklen d ticti n wawal yujaṛen aqaṛṭaṣ iwen waṛ yessinen ṛaggʷaj n wawal.
Tsneflul tameṭṭut taṛifiyt aṭṭaṣ n iɣennijen d iḍfaṛen d izaykuten, di ca n wakuden d isatalen d izemzuten d tictutin tiwacunin tiseṛmunin tisɣanin amaknaw: «ṛalla Buya», «ticṛbiyin», «idunan», «hella ṛaṛu», «idendunen» d «uzehed».
Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif tgga tiwuṛiyin d tisɣan mɣaṛent deg usneflul n tsekla d tẓuṛi timiwanin, tiṛaṛ s min ɣaṛes tizemmaṛ maḥend ad tssidef tumeṛt x wulawen n midden d taṛwa n unamun nnes, tsselmed di akud mani iweddaṛ welmad dwesgam, tssefses tmṛeṛ, tssefsi lweḥlan, tssettu imxumbal d timukṛisin...
Waṛ yewwiḍ unamun aṛifiy ad izemmem maṛṛa timegga n temɣaṛt taṛifit deg igaṛ n tsekla d tẓuṛi tiḍfaṛin iṛa ittwassnen ɣaṛ imezdaɣ d midden belli asneflul aseklan d uẓuṛi d agṛa n temɣaṛt, d tta d tidet taṛẓag, maca aseqsi i tṛajan tamṛaṛut netta d wa: wac tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif, iggin min neẓṛa tsiɣi di tiṛaṛt d tawuṛi nnes deg usneflul aseklan d uẓuṛi atṛaṛ niɣ imsa ya as unedṛef di tikli nnes?
3- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aseklan d unẓuṛ amaziɣ di Aṛṛif, g uẓanẓ n usneflul uzmmem d umiṛay niɣ atṛaṛ:
3-1- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul aseklan ittwaṛin s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif:
Zi “tabibliyuɣṛafit” n imaṛan d timaṛin isneflulen di tsekla tamiṛayt s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif, ifsaṛen idelisen, ittwagg usmutti n ca n tisnmlayin d timuca ɣeṛ uṭṭunen amux itman deg usmyallay a swadday:
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Itman zeg usmyallay a sennej belli uṭṭun amgṛaw n idelisen iseklalen imeṛayen s tmaziɣt taṛifit iwweḍ uɣṛud ɣeṛ 136 n idlisen bṛa ma ad nini qa tamggit n ussiḍen a/ leḥsab a tanfalalt tasalit. Uṭṭun n idlisen immewḍa s ṛfaz, bṛa amquddi jaṛ inawen iseklanen amux ittban zi tiṛsal a swadday:
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Deg usnmala n waṭṭun idlisen x inawen iseklanen ntaf deg umezwaṛu usin dd immuden n yezlan s 78 n immuden, awaṛnasen tullisin tiquḍaḍin s 23 n idlisen n tqessisin, ḍfaṛen tent ungalen s 22 n idlisen, deg uneggaṛ usin dd idelisen n umezgun s 13 n uṭṭunen.
Itban zeg uṭṭun aɣṛud n idlisen iseklanen ittwafsaṛen, yuṛan s tmaziɣt taṛifiyt, tumumt n usneflul adelsan atṛaṛ di Aṛṛif, yessnen asewḍi d ṛfaẓ jaṛ inawen d imsenflulen nnes, amya ntaf “tabibliyuɣṛafit” n immuden tzegguṛ g uṭṭunen s umngiddi aked uṭṭunen n “tabibliyuɣṛafit” n ungal d tqessisin tiquḍaḍin d timezgunin. Manay ismala tusineft d tumumt d unigṛi d useḥqaṛ iteddaṛ usneflul aseklan yuṛan s tmaziɣt taṛifit di tmeẓṛit d tmuɣlit tadelsant n tmuṛt nneɣ, d tiṛẓi d tiṛezzi n iṛifiyen d tṛifiyin ɛad waṛ ɣaṛsen taɣcit s udduṛ d wazal n usneflul adelsan s tutlayt tayemmat.. maca ntaf zg imaziɣen iṛifiyen yenni umi nzmaṛ ad asen nucc tiweṣṣaf n “imṛawwalen zeg yexf nsen”: taddut dani, aswingem d wadji di tmuṛa n ṛbaṛani deg usammaṛ niɣ deg umalu, yina imsaṛ asen umsuḍ dwlen d imswaḍ d imeẓwaḍ, faṛɣen zi taycit xwan zeg uswingem anamuṛ.
Itman ɛawed ijj n umyujaṛ yegdaṛ bezzaf di tilit n unaw n imsneflulen jaṛ tiwetmin timaṛutin d iwetman imaṛuten, ifesṛen idlisen. Tujaṛt aqat ɣeṛ iwetmant, zi aɣṛud n 136 idlisen dewlen 114 n udlis aseklan ɣaṛsen s tigmidi n 84%, min yeqqimen zeg uɣṛud, ntaf: 22 idlisen s tigmidi n 16%, idwwel ɣeṛ twetmin, amux itmẓaṛ dani swadday di tiṛsal a:
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Tban d zi tiṛsal a s ufella tumumt n tilit n temɣaṛt di tiṛa tamseflult tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif. Aya ismal tuquḍet n tmuɣṛi d tumumt s tgumi tidelsanin di Aṛṛif, min ittwaggen deg igaṛ a, imsaṛ xes aked tawsngimt/ tidyulujit ṛfaz d usewggej d ussinef i ufeṛdis d imideṛ n temɣaṛt, iṛa ttamu deg usneflul aseklan agdudi s tesɣaṛt nnes tegdaṛ, iṛa ittwawc as wadduṛ d taynit d uweqqaṛ, zdat ma ad t twassinef di tmutuyin immejṛan i unamun aṛifiy di tɣuni akeg tanbdaḍt tanammast d tasmaḍalt tasatbt. Di tannalt a s wadday asmday n tigmiḍin imaṛuten dtimaṛutin n usneflul aseklan yefsaṛen idlisen nsen/tt jaṛ iseggʷusa n 1992 d 2020:
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Itban zi tiṛsalin a sennejj tudṛust n idlisen isenflulen iseklanen n tmaṛitin s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif s umengiddi aked idlisen isenflulen iseklanen n imaṛiten s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif, ijj n umzaṛay yiṛiw jaṛ asen di maṛṛa inawen iseklanen. Amya ntaf di ṛmaṣ n immuden n yezlan, ttaweḍ tigmḍi n immuden ifsaṛent tizlawiyin ɣaṛ 22%, tigmḍi n immuden ifsaṛen izlawiyen ɣaṛ 78%, amzaṛay a ismala anigṛi n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif x tiṛaṛt n tawuṛi nnes deg usneflul n yezlan atṛaṛ iqqnen ɣaṛ tiṛa, maca di tmessna iṛifiyen amudi d uftal n yezlan izaykuten tettwassen zagsen tmeṭṭut tujaṛ aṛyaz. suya ntseqsa: min ɛnan imentilen ig yejjin tamɣaṛt tnigṛa x waṛyaz deg yejj n inaw aseklan iqqnen ɣeṛes nettat gi min izṛin?
Tameẓṛit a s imant nnes, tettwazemmem deg igaṛ/uswiṛ n usneflul d tiṛa n ungal d tiqessisin tiquḍaḍin, mani nttaf ijj n udwal di tidemḍi n tawuṛi n temɣaṛt deg usneflul amiṛay ittwafsaṛen s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif deg inawen a s sin: 5 % deg ungal n timessungal, 17% di tullisin n tinumay. Aked tmussna nni id aneɣ ismalen belli tameṭṭut iṛa isseflulen, ittɛawaden ittalsen tinfas d tiwafitin, ntseqsa s unebheḍ: min ɛnan imentilen i yejjin tamɣaṛt tnigṛa x waṛyaz deg inawen iseklanen itṛaṛen?
Itman zi “tabibliyuɣṛafit” n idlisen n umezgun, tamɣaṛt tweddaṛ waṛ ɣaṛes tilit deg ufsaṛ n iḍṛiṣen imezgunen. maca manaya uṛ issiggʷej tameɣnawt a x inaw a asneflul, zeg uɣṛuḍ n 50 iḍṛiṣen imezgunen ittwafesṛen i teḍfaṛt d tmeẓṛit, nzemmem kuẓ n iḍṛiṣen bab nsen d timseflulin tiwetmin, d 24 n yesmawen n timsuniyin swizant deg ufseṛ d usfuṛej n tmezgunin, tin a waṛ llint bu timssufɣin n isinagen imeqṛanen, maca netnint timelmadin n tɣeṛbazt n tudaṛt.
Zeg usejji x umagis/ unefṛu n usneflul aseklan n temɣaṛin timaṛutin s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif, ittban ict n tilit n tɣuni temɣaṛ jaṛ usneflul a d tawnnaḍt tadelsant d taṛakalt d tamezṛuyt d taseṛtit n tisneflulin a, d ijj n tmaniwt d ucmax n isentlen min xef ssawalent timaṛitin deg idelisen, ismuna jaṛ isentlen a: taṛezzuyt x tiṛelli huma ad ggent afṛan ad inint min ẓaṛent deg imejṛan n tudaṛt iccuṛen s tifṛas d timeẓṛa n ussinef d useggʷej usetti d tikkest ... d uxaṛṛeṣ d uswinkem s usmejjel d usexdem n ukus d tmektit miɣaṛ tizmiṛin tizɣnenin d tutlayt d unamak n uzamul / usddugem, ḥuma ad yili wawal x ca isentlen iṛa ttadfen di uzamuṛ/ “ṭṭabu”, amaknaw: temɣaṛt d umenɣi, d uzkeṛ, d umettel, d ummngaṛ ussekṛeḍ, d ukesṛeḍ, d tayṛi, d tiɣuniyin aked twetmin, d tmaggit isdiddyen di tmutuyin timaynutin, d tanbaṭṭ/tanbaḍt d udmawen nnes, zgesen t tanbaḍt n uwtem aṛyaz, d uɣnan ummjd/ “ddin”, d ussinef, d ẓleḍ, d ukucceḍ, d tuqubbant, d tinuzca n tidet d usxeccu d usbaṛwi nnes, d tacit/ takit s ṛeɣben, d faqecɣeṛ, d uweddaṛ, d useggʷej deg uduf n wamuṛ d tmuṛt n tyemmat, d tiqqest, d uwezwez, d ṛeɣben, d uweddaṛ, d unejṛi di tmuṛa d imuṛen n uzazwag d tazzawga.
Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt d asgum n tamuli ɣaṛ imseflulen n tsekla d tẓuṛi amaziɣ awetem, ittemẓaṛ aya deg udwal ɣeṛ inefṛuten n isneflulen a, mani nttaf immgnet igḍaṛ n usentl n temɣaṛt deg uduf n iḍṛiṣen n usneflula. Manaya ismala imesli d tmijja n imsneflulen d tannayt nsen zi temɣaṛt d udduṛ d usuṛs ness. tannayt a d imesli a netnin d iles dtmijja n umedlas atṛaṛ d umassan amayn, issutaṛen asemsi d usenfl n tnellayin d tannayin d iddaden d uswingem ittbeddan deg ubṛid n tṛelli n temɣaṛt d tiseqqaṛ nnes.
Nzemmaṛ ad nini, belli tawuṛi n temɣaṛt tamziɣt deg usneflul aseklan yuṛan s tmaziɣt n Aṛṛif, ɛad tudṛus d umum bezzaf, s imentlen n ussinf n usneflul a, d unegṛi d tiggumṛa n usemṛes nnes, aṛni d ɣaṛes tuqubbanit n yiṛiwen ɣeṛ twetmin d tudṛust d tumumt n useɣṛi n timidṛt a di tamnḍt n Aṛṛif, d unzeɣ d tikkest n izewṛan idelsanen d usiggwej n tusna d tutlayt nnes zi maṛṛa timeṛsal n usgam d tuɣemsa d usmutteg, di akud n ucciṛu d usuguṛ n uwtem itban d tanbaḍt nnes mani ma deg unamuṛ aṛifiy d taddaṛt uṛa di baṛṛa nnes ɣaṛ tadɣeṛt d ubaṛṛu nnes qaɛ, aya iwwi ɣaṛ wekṛaf d uunedṛef n tzemmaṛt tisneflulin n temɣaṛt tamziɣt di Aṛṛif, jaṛ ufsaṛ n ca n tidelsawin yaṛsin timaṛsa n iqnen ɣeṛ tedfaṛt niɣ ɣeṛ tutṛaṛt, ssnent ad skukḥent ad ssemzint ad skikcent abaṛṛu x imsliten ittexsen tṛelli i temɣaṛt, uṛ ntettu tasmaḍalt yudfen tudṛin d ixxamen s uɣiṛ, tewwi tamɣaṛt umi tettwagges tesɣaṛt ad tedwel d tazazt tmenza tmesɣa, niɣ d «ddikuṛ» d waff deg igaṛ n useṛmun asesmuṛ, tamɣaṛt iṛa illan tesselmadt d tteẓẓu tusna d tutlayt, temseflul izlan d tinfas...tedwel d maṛzem qemmuc deg «utiliɣisyun» d «utilifun», ttet tesseɣlay bṛa yafezzi min illan n ṛbaṛani ... niɣ maṛa taṛzem tuṭṭuc.. teqqaṛ ttaṛi x midden s tutlayin nsen... ca n temɣaṛin dewlent innuffaṛ deg iman d walli d uswingem nsent uwtem d tanbaḍt n waṛgaz tzeḍɣitent .
3-2- Tawuṛi d tilalt n tamɣaṛt deg usnflul anẓuṛ amaziɣt atṛaṛ di Aṛṛif:
Ssenent tisneflulin tiẓuṛiyin timaziɣin tidfaṛin n tiwetmin di Aṛṛif, aked timutiyin timaynutin id yudfen s ufafi x unamun aṛifiy d tadelsa d timeṛsal nnes, aweddaṛ d tṛeẓẓit d udwal ɣeṛ deffaṛ d tudaṛt di tmawin n temnaḍt n Aṛṛif, aledad n yect n tusnayt tufllat tssiẓẓeɣ iẓewṛan d ṛeɛnaṣaṛ n tiẓlayin d tmsnekkaṛt d tusgddult tidelsanin minzi tekkaṛ temɣaṛt tamaziɣt deg unamun nnes. waxxa taqsuḥi n usugi adelsan d tuɛufna i xafes yemsaṛen, qqiment ca n taliwin ttazlent ttsessawent ulawen d iẓewṛan n tseklutin ḥuma ad dṛent, tudmawin n ubeddi adelsan deg udem n tzawa id yewwin ṛazaɣ, deg igaṛ a banent i dd ca n tzamulin tiwetmin tisneflulin n tẓuṛi deg wammas n tṛzzit d “uḥaṛem” d uzawaṛ.
Deg umnaḍ a, tessḥṭṭu tmektit taẓuṛit tamaziɣt di Aṛṛif, ismawen n ca n tnaẓuṛin sneflulen tt deg uɣennej n ṛalla Buya, suyenni idewkkel ɣaṛsent ucayeḍ ameqṛan n uzdi d uɣemi d tumaṛnit di tudaṛt n uɣennij n Buya, deg igaṛ a nezmaṛ ad nidaṛ ismawen a: Yasmina Lxammaṛiya igg isswizan aked inaẓuṛen imezguṛa n uɣennij amaziɣ di Aṛṛif, awaṛni n1956, yesbedden, yessemɣaṛen s uɣennij a, d Tamimunt n Selwan issuɛlan aɣennij aṛifiy deg iseggʷsa n 70 zi tsutit izṛin, uṛ ntettu Malik Tafeṛxant, Faḍma Belɛabbas, Faṛida Taḥusaymit, Saɛida Taquḍat, d Miluda Taḥusaymit... Zdat ma ad ttwaggent tigṛawin d tiṛbaɛin uɣennej amaynu atṛaṛ, d ufuɣ n ca n ineklen n temɣaṛin issegguṛen: yeẓẓuɣṛen aɣennij amaziɣ di Aṛṛif ɣaṛ tawayt n ccenɛet d usemɣaṛ d umuṛs. Di ṛmaṣ a nsmegnet ismawen n ca tinaẓuṛin amaknaw: Fiṛdaws Taziṛi, Tifyuṛ, Nmidya ... d udmawen n tagṛawt n Aṛayes...
Aked ṛxawi id yejja useɣdel n unedṛef n tẓuṛi n cḍiḥ amaziɣ ameḍfaṛ di Aṛṛif, d maṛṛa min yejṛan d usinef d usugi d uzawaṛ n yewwin ɣaṛ ukmummes d tmettit n tili, iban dd ijj n cḍiḥ d amdan ggint ca n tnaẓuṛin, ict ict ,niɣ s umegṛaw di tegṛawin timezyani waṛ ɛeddint kṛaḍ n yedsent iceṭḥent, di tectutin tinamunitin d tunṣibin, sfuṛṛujent, sfajant, ssadafent tumeṛt ɣaṛ wuṛawen d amezwaṛu ujaṛ ca nneḍni.
Ttɣima tawuṛi d tiṛaṛt n tmeṭṭut / tewtemt tamaziɣt deg usneflul amezgun atṛaṛ yudṛus, di akud a s imant nnes, ittɣima ummgnt nnes yumum di tẓuṛi n uṛcem iggwman ad iɛemmaṛ ad iccaṛ ṛxawi n yemsaṛen deg igaṛ n usneflul aẓuṛan aḍfaṛ iqqnen ɣaṛ temɣaṛt waxxa tanukṛa d dṛiz itteggent da d ddih ca n twetmin d timɣaṛin umi n ccat deg uṛu s usitem ad ttemɣaṛ ad ttiṛiw tamussut nsent deg imal.
X ubṛid n unfalal:
Zi tmenna n yezguṛen, ittban belli:
- Adduṛ d uṛaq n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt deg usneflul aseklan d uẓuṛi smalan dd iṣuṛaf n tikli tadelsant deg ijj n webṛid izzggaṛt iccuṛ s tsawnin d yeẓṛa isnigṛan tikli, isnedṛafen ṣuṛif n twetmin ittexsen asneflul s tmaziɣt di Aṛṛif;
- Tawuṛi d tiṛaṛt n tmeṭṭut deg usneflul a, gsen min icnan d min waṛ yeḥlin, smalant i dd tumumt d tudṛst n tgumi tadelsant d usgam n tɣuṛi n temɣaṛt tamaziɣt, d usidef n tmaziɣt ɣaṛ timeṛsal;
- Aswizi n temɣaṛt deg usneflul aseklan d uẓuṛi di Aṛṛif, iqqen ɣaṛ uswizi d uṛaq nnes deg unamun nnes iteddaṛen sadu n tawit d taṛṛit n iṣemmiḍen d tɛejjajin n usammaṛ d umalu; itteḥdajja abeddi d tnukṛa d usiɣi n tmesnekkaṛt tadelsant deg udemawen n ussinef d ṛfaz d usemẓi d useggʷej;
- Tawtemt d tmeṭṭut d netnint illan d taliwin ittsessawen ulawen n tmaziɣt di maṛṛa timeṛsal n unamun, di taddaṛt ula baṛṛa n tzeddiɣt d imal n tmaziɣt bla netnint, uṛ itili walu i tmaziɣt di mi deg ma. suya ittxes ad asent ittwawc min sdahedjentt zi taynit d tiseqqaṛ d izeṛfan d uswizi d ukamed d uḥeṭṭu d usemɣaṛ..
- Min taṛint d min sneflulent twetmin di tsekla d uẓuṛi iteḥdajja asussen d wefṛan, maḥend ad yemɣaṛ ad yessemɣaṛ, ad yiṛiw ad yessiṛiw taṛmit tameṭṭut di tiṛa d usneflul;
- Tiṛmit n tmeṭṭutin di tiṛa d usneflul s tmaziɣt di Aṛṛif, tecna s tudmiwin nnes, d min itwasaṛsen d tuswingmin deg inefṛuten d imagisen n tisneflulin nsent.
Timawin:
1- Miloud Taïfi: Dictionnaire Raisonné Berbère-Français Parles du Maroc. PUP IRCAM, Rabat, 2016, Racine MƔR, P.598 ; Mohammed SERHOUL: Dictionnaire tarifit-français. Thèse de doctorat d’état ès lettres option linguistique. Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines, Tétouan, 2001-2002, racine MƔR, P. 294; محمد شفيق: المعجم العربي الأمازيغي. (ثلاثة أجزاء)، منشورات أكاديمية المملكة المغربية، سلسلة معاجم، الجزء الثالث، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة، الربط، 2000، مادة: مرأ، ص ص: 100 – 101.
2- Wen d ten ixsn ad yessiriw tussniwin nnes x tawalin d irmusen a izmar ad yedwel ɣar idlisen a:
- Raymond JAMOUS: Honneur et Baraka: Les structures sociales traditionnelles dans le Rif. éd. La maison des sciences de l’homme, Paris 1981; Paul PASCON et Van DER Westen: Les Bni Boufrah Essai d’écologie sociale d’une vallée rifaine. Rabat, 1983; David MONTGOMERY HART: The AIT WARYAGHER of the MORCCAN RIF An Ethnography and History. Published for the Wenner-Gren Fondation for Anthropological Research, Inc, The University of Arizona Press, Tocson, Arizona, USA, 1975.
3- أحمد الطريسي أعراب: الإبداع الشعري والتحولات الاجتماعية والفكرية بالمغرب من أواخر القرن التاسع عشرإلى منتصف القرن العشرين. منشورات كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بالرباط، سلسلة بحوث ودراسات، رقم: 4، مطبعة النجاح الجديدة، الرباط، 1992، صص: 6-7؛ فاروق السالم: الابداع. المؤسسة الوطنية للدراسات والبحوث، استنبول، تركيا، 2012، ص: 1. http://www.nasr-i.com
4- أوجين رادو سيب: «قوة التواصل الشفوي: يمكن للغة الجسد أن تناقض أو تعزز ما نقوله في الكلمات». ترجمة حسن بحري، مجلة الفكر العربي المعاصر، ع: 112-113، لبنان، خريف 1999 وشتاء 2000، ص: 143.
5- موسى أغربي: التحولات الرمزية مدخل لدراسة الحكاية الامازيغية. ط.1، مطبعة الجسور، وجدة، 2015، ص: 29.
6- عبد الحق البادسي: المقصد الشريف والمنزع اللطيف في التعريف بصلحاء الريف. تحقيق: سعيد أعراب، المطبعة الملكية، الرباط 1982م/1402 هـ؛ ص: 84 و 92 ؛ محمد الأوربي: في مناقب أبي يعقوب البادسي ضمن كتاب: أحمد البوعياشي: حرب الريف التحريرية ومراحل النضال. (جزآن)، الجزء الأول، مطبعة دار الأمل طنجة، 1394- 1974، صص: 60-70.
7- VALDERRAMA, Martínez Fernando: «LAL-LA Mimouna Taguenaut». in Africa, N: 63-64, Madrid, 1947, pp: 120 – 121; BIARNAY. S: Étude sur les dialectes du Rif lexique textes et notes de phonétique. Pub de la faculté des lettres d’Alger, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1917, pp: 170-174; El ayoubi MOHAMED: les Merveilles du Rif contes berbères. T 1, Pub of the M. Th. Stiching, Utrecht, Nederland, 2000.
8- Hassan Banhakeia: distiques de la poésie rifaine (tradition et traduction). 2016, Editions: Publication Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Mastère: Littérature et Traduction, N0 1, PP. 9,10 et 11.
9- مصطفى الرمضاني: «الاحتفالية في المسرح المغربي»، ضمن كتاب: ندوة حول جوانب من الأدب في المغرب الأقصى (مؤلف جماعي)، منشورات كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بوجدة، سلسلة ندوات ومحاضرات رقم: 1، ط:1، 1406-1986، ص: 233.
10- Xzar min i dd yusin d min inna” Paul BOWLES” di tmuddut nnes ɣer Arrif di: Leurs mains sont bleues récits de voyage. Tr de l’américain par Liliane Abensour, éd du Seuil, Avril 1993, Paris, PP. 139 – 206.
11- Tamja tetwag s uɣanim ixwan, tuzeggart nnes taweḍ ɣar 40 cm, tarzem zi sennej ula zi tisi, ttilint ges ṣḍiṣ n txubicin, i srusa xsent amssuḍ tidewdin ness ismussutn aked unin n lɣa irazzu ad yessufeɣ. Llira niɣ tacebbabt ira tetwag s uɣanim ixwan ra d nttat, zdat ma axafs d ya adef yiɣeṣ d ca nneḍni, d taquḍat x tmja, ges tam n txubicin.
12- اليماني قسوح: « بعض الأشكال التعبيرية ذات الطابع الإحتفالي بقبيلة أيث ورياغل بالريف الأوسط، تدوين ودراسة». (في خمس حلقات) الحلقة الرابعة الصادرة بجريدة: تاويزا، عدد: 111، يوليوز، 2006، ص: 15.
13- Itwaqqar di Arrif belli fiɣar xemli i tsla u ṣuḍi n temja i tefɣ d zg karkur niɣ zg ifri, iɛisawiyen kessin kidsen ifiɣran tṣuḍen asen di temja d lɣiṭa uca sfurujen zg sen iwdan. Xzar min iqqar umrazzu ya saddu x cḍiḥ amaziɣ deg umezruy azayku:
عثمان الكعاك: البربر. ط: 2، النجاح الجديدة، الدار البيضاء، 2003، ص: 116.
14- فؤاد أزروال: التلقي في الفرجة الشعبية بالمغرب دراسة في الأنماط والأسس. رسالة لنيل الدكتوراه في الأدب العربي الحديث، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بوجدة، 2004-2005 (غير منشورة)، ص: 195.
15- فؤاد أزروال: «الفنون الأمازيغية بالريف: الأنواع وتطورها». ضمن كتاب مساهمات في دراسة منطقة الريف (مؤلف جماعي)، منشورات IRCAM، سلسلة دراسات رقم: 14، مطبعة المعارف الجديدة، الرباط، 2011، ص: 139.
16- Emilio Blanco Izaga; Las danzas Rifenas. Africa, V .55, Madrid, 1946 . xzar asegzel n trazzuyt a di: David MONTGOMERY HART: The AIT WARYAGHER of the MORCCAN RIF. Op. cit, P. 170 ;دافيد هارت: قبيلة من الريف المغربي: دراسة إثنوغرافية وتاريخية. ترجمة وتقديم وتعليق: محمد أونيا، عبد المجيد عزوزي، وعبد الحميد الرايس، مطبعة أقواس للنشر، هولاندا، ط 1، 2007، ص: 249 وما بعدها؛ وفي الطبعة رقم: 2 صص: 283 – 291,
17- Tmsarwasen timeẓṛa n taẓuṛi ya waxxa tmewḍan yesmawen nnes x temnaḍin. deg usammar n lmerruk itwassen cḍiḥa s «ṣef» niɣ s «ẓriɛ», xzar:
Abdelkader Bezzazi et Soelle Réthoré: chants de femmes de l’orient Marocain, Pub de la Faculté des lettres, N°55, série, Etudes et séminaire N°18 imp: chems- Oujda, 2002, pp :12-15 .
- مصطفى رمضاني: «الرقصات الشعبية في الجهة الشرقية من المغرب»، مجلة حفريات مغربية، عدد:1، دجنبر 2001. ط:1، مطبعة دار النشر الجسور، وجدة، ص: 128.
Di Aṭlas anammas i twassen s uḥidus, di Sus i twassen s uḥewwac d min γars yeqnen. Xzar:
-شفيق محمد: «تصنيف مقتصر للأغاني والرقصات الأمازيغية». مجلة آفاق، عدد:5، الدار البيضاء، 1967، صص: 10-11.
18- دافيد هارت: قبيلة من الريف المغربي: دراسة إثنوغرافية وتاريخية. مرجع سابق ص: 284.
19- Asedwel s imant nnes.
20- x tmusni n tanbaḍt n wargaz d min iqqnen ɣares izmar a nedwel ɣar umarazzu:
Pierre Bourdieu: La domination Masculine. Éd de Seuil, Paris, 1997, P.7.
- Tiwlafin 1, 2, 3, d 4 twaksint i dd zi udlis n:
- Vicente Moga Romero: Mosaico Rifeno Cuaderno de acuarelas de Emilio Blanco Izaga.
