Asneflul Amaziɣ d Umxumbel n Uzɣan, tiwiriwin n wass n teɣri i igga ummas n tɣuriwin n tẓuṛi d iwenniten iseklanen d ufares asliẓiṛ, 28 dujnbir 2009, azday: Dris AẒḌUḌ d Ḥmed LEMNADI, Asinag Ageldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt, Aṛṛbaṭ
Deg umezrwar zzat ma ad nessenta awal nneɣ, ad nssareɣ tfawt xef uremmus n (critique) mammec d as qqaren s Tmaziɣt, s uya deg umawal ameggar id issufeɣ Usinag Ageldan n Tussna Tamaziɣ (amawal amatu, 2018) ntaf yuc as sin n yiwalen: afran, azɣan. S uya di teɣri a nesseqdec irem (terme) n “Azɣan”.
Azɣan aseklan, d ijj n yiyyar ittif iwweḍ d wakud nnes ad xafes naṛẓem tawwurt mala nexs ad ɣarneɣ ilint tiwuriwin mṣebḍant xef yiḍennaḍ. S uya zzat ma ad nessenta tiɣri nneɣ deg udelis a, narezzu ad nekkes tartiwin xef uzɣan zeg yijj n uɣezdis nneɣni, aɣezdis n lxezrat nneɣ ɣares, s yijj n unamek nneɣni, ittif ad yili d aseqsi: ma ɣarneɣ tadelsa n uzɣan niɣ uhu? Aseqsi a s yiman nnes ittwenna belli ԑad war nermis min ntegg deg yiyyar n tsekla, ma narezzu ad tt neswura d tidet niɣ negg itt i tarrit n mezri d ulehhu? Mala uhu war illi d manaya, d tidet narezzu ad tt neswura s yict n tmamekt d tamassant ad taf ijj n ubrid nneɣni ittlaɣa d, abrid ixess as ad ɣarneɣ tili tadelsa nnes, tadelsa a, i iqqaren belli mala ca n umezɣan izɣen ca n uḍṛiṣ war illi d ict n tmeslayt war teḥli anict ittwenna belli tasekla Tamaziɣt dayes ijj n umussu imɣar ittic ict n tewlaf i midden d taṣebḥant.
Di qaԑ amxumbel a id nenna sennej, waxxa nxezzar ɣares s yict n tiṭ txeyyeq, maca di rallaɣ nnes ittwenna xef yict n tmeslayt nneɣni teqqar belli: tasekla Tamaziɣt tessenta tmeɣɣar. S uya ssa d tsawent ixess tarwa nnes ad ilin mɣaren ula d nitni, ad ɣarsen tili lxezrat teggʷej, ɣar yimal, minzi manaya war illi ad ibed ɣarneɣ, dinni tarwa nneɣ ad siɣan xef manaya danita ntegg amen nufa neccin yenni imezwura ssun aneɣ abrid n tussna ɣar Tmaziɣt.
S udwal nneɣ ɣar teɣri n udelis nneɣ i di illa aṭṭaṣ n yimegraden uran ten iselmaden n tseddawit d imrezzuten deg yiyyar n tussna Tamaziɣt, netwala ad tili tiɣri nneɣ i ca zeg yimegraden i di nettwala ssiwlen xef usentel n uzɣan s yijj n uxarres yulleɣ.
Xma ad nesscen ɣar yict n tmeslayt nneɣni zzat ma ad nessenta, adelis a ittwari s tutlayt Taԑrabt, ittsemma ɣarneɣ sin n twuriwin: tiɣri d usuɣel di ca n twalatin.
Amegrad 1: iseqsan n uzɣan aseklan Amaziɣ (Muḥemmed LXEṬṬABI)
Deg umegrad n LXEṬṬABI issiwel aneɣ xef min iԑna uzɣan aseklan s usenned nnes xef min inna Sayyid QUṬB i ittwalan belli netta d astal (évaluation) n twuri taseklant zeg uɣezdis n tcuni nnes d usmeyyen n wazal (valeur) nnes amesɣaru (objectif) d wazal n uwenni (expression) d ufray.
Zeg usenmel (définition) n QUṬB iṛaḥ ad yarr xef useqsi n: ma tettwari tasekla Tamaziɣt tamiwant (oral)? min zi ittwala belli tamrarut xef useqsi a d nettat id aneɣ ɣa ijjen ad nessiwel xef uzɣan, u zzayes ԑawed nzemmar ad neksi lxezrat ɣar uzɣan Amaziɣ, minzi ittwala belli ixess ad yili uzɣan aseklan Amaziɣ s yict n tiṭ d Tmaziɣt. Deg uswir a, iqqar belli ixess ad nɣar ugriw (corpus) amiwan Amaziɣ xma ad nessen iwenniten i zi texdem tsekla a, minzi s tebridt a ad aneɣ tejj war nxezzar s tiṭṭawin n tsekla n midden ɣar Tmaziɣt.
Inawen n uzɣan ɣar LXEṬṬABI ntaf sin: amezwaru d ijj n uzɣar iffar ittili deg yinmeggaren d yemsagaren ittettwaggen xef tsekla Tamaziɣt s umata, d ijj nneɣni iman am imegraden ittettwafsaren di tesɣunin niɣ deg yisiten (les sites), minzi ittwala belli maṛṛa min ittettwafsaren immars xef tẓiṛtin tiseklanin tatrarin (les thèories littéraires moderne) ddeg a n usefsi ittej aneɣ ad nili deg yijj n usures n useḥqaṛ i tsekla tamaziɣt minzi ԑad war teymi am tisekla n midden i ɣar illa ijj n umezruy d ameqqran di tira.
Al danita, LXEṬṬABI war illi iqqar belli ixess war ntegg azɣan al ɣa tili ɣarneɣ ict n tsekla teyma niɣ tewweḍ, minzi itticc d ict n tebridt ad zzayes nessenta iyyar a amaynu, s uya iqqar ad nṛaḥ xef tebridt n uzɣan s uḍfaṛ, s yijj n unamek nneɣni, ad ɣarneɣ yilli ijj n umussu iḍeffaṛ tawuri id itteffɣen minzi ittwala belli waxxa ula d tiɣuriwin n uzɣan udrusent.
Tabridt n uzɣan s uḍfaṛ war illi ad tili temraddaj anict id as ixessen ad tili s usudes (organisé) s tmegga n tesɣunin d imsagaren tarran tayynit i usentel a. Aked manaya ixess ad yili urezzu akadimi xma ad yili uzɣan s yict n tmamekt d tamassant.
Amgerad 2: aẓẓu n uzɣan aseklan Amaziɣ (Muḥemmed AQUḌAḌ)
AQUḌAḌ deg umegrad nnes, inna belli azɣan aseklan di tmaziɣt d ijj n yiyyar d ameẓẓyan war iymi ca aṭṭaṣ, aked manaya issars ca n iseqsiten, amezwar: ma n uzɣan Amaziɣ i xef nzemmar ad nessiwel? Wiss sin: Ma azɣan ittwarin s tutlayin nneɣni (Taԑrabt-Tafransist) xef ufares aseklan amaziɣ? Wiss kṛaḍ: ma ixess ad yili uzɣan s tutlayt Tamaziɣt?
Mala nṛuḥ aked useqsi amezwaru ad taf mɣar nesscan i midden belli dinni ict n tsekla nneɣni d Tamaɣrabit qqaren as: tasekla Tamaziɣt, s txurrist a ad taf ntegg mɣar asenmel i tsekla Tamaziɣt war illi ntegg azɣan.
Deg uswir a, mala nexs ad negg azɣan d tidet ixess ad nari s tutlayt i zi yura usneflul, s yijj n unamek nneɣni, s tutlayt Tamaziɣt.
Irenni AQUḌAḌ ittṛaḥ ad aneɣ yini belli tutlayt Tamaziɣt d usures i di tella: amutti zeg umiwan ɣar tira, d ijj n umxumbel ittekk d deg ubrid n uzɣan xma ad ɣarneɣ yili.
S umata, zeg yimxumbal i yufa AQUḌAḌ, ntaf:
- Tarezzut di tsekla Tamaziɣt tili s tutlayin nneɣni.
- Imrezzuten war teggen tizemmar nnsen xma ad ɣarneɣ ijj n uzɣan d aseklan d Amaziɣ yura s Tmaziɣt.
- Azɣan netta d ijj n uxarres d tussna ixess as tiẓṛtin d tebridin n usefsi d iremmusen (concepts). Di Tmaziɣt war ɣaneɣ illi.
AQUḌAḌ ittwala belli azɣan d ijj n uɣezdis d ameqqran deg usiriw n tsekla Tamaziɣt, mala war newwiḍ ad t nezdi war teggur ca tsekla ɣar zzat mɣar ad teqqim d ict n tutlayt temmut.
Xma war ittɣimi wawal xef uzɣan mɣar d awal, yuc aneɣ ca n tebridin xma nessenta tawuri deg yiyyar a:
- Imsagaren ismunan izlawiyen xma ad dayes inin izlan nnsen d ict n tewwurt xma amrezzu ad iffeɣ xef sswart n uzɣan Amaziɣ zeg usefru d yizlan.
- Tiɣri n marra min ittwarin s tutlayin nneɣni xef uzɣan Amaziɣ ittif ad naf iremmusen (concepts) i iqqnen ɣar yiyyar n tsekla d uzɣan.
- Ad naweḍ ad nɣar min ittwarin xef tsekla Tamaziɣt di tmura n Umaziɣ ɣar barra n Lmeɣrib.
- Tarezzut deg ugriw (corpus) aseklan (amiwan d wenni ittwarin).
- Ad nɣar min nnan tinmal n uzɣan aseklan n umaḍal.
S umata, AQUḌAḌ deg umegrad nnes, igga tizemmar xma ad aneɣ d iqewwer i usentel n uzɣan maca deg yiyyar n Tmaziɣt, u ittwala belli azɣan mala narezzu ad xafneɣ d idwel s min yecnan ixess ad naweḍ ad negg imawalen qqnen ɣar yiyyar n uzɣan Amaziɣ, minzi, d tidet amawal d ijj n uɣezdis imɣar mala narezzu ad nezdi iyyar a n tussna amaynu di Tmaziɣt.
Amegrad 3: ixess ad ɣarneɣ yili uzɣan aseklan Amaziɣ (Ḥmed ƐAṢID)
Issiwl aneɣ umaru deg umegrad nnes xef takrunulujit n tira taseklant Tamaziɣt di Lmeɣrib, s uya ibḍa tt xef sin:
Tamezwarut: tira Tamaziɣt tuɣa tt teqqen aked ufares amiwan, s uya imaruten deg wakud nni mɣar yarrwen min ittwannan u waxxa tuɣa dinni asneflul maca asentel nnes tuɣa iqqen ɣar tmagit d umezruy. Minzi tuɣa Imaziɣen ԑad ssemmaran ixef nnsen i yewdan nneɣni.
Aked manaya waxxa tuɣa dinni ca n uzɣan war ittili amen illa di tsekla nneɣni, minzi tuɣa iksi tawlaft n usenkeḍ n twuri.
Tiss snat: yiriw iyyar n tsekla Tamaziɣt zegga tudef timersal n uwanek, ittwagg Usinag Ageldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt, manen d imaruten d iḥudriyen s yijj n uxarres d amaynu, ggin tizemmar xma ad xafes wennan s ungal, asefru, niɣ s umezgun.
Deg uswir a, ƐAṢID ittwala aseqsi n uzɣan ixess ad yili xma ad tugur tsekla ɣar zzat ad manent tefras nneɣni d timaynutin.
ɣa umeggar ula d netta inna d tisumar (proposition) war mṣebḍint xef tsumar n imaruten i xef nessiwel zzat.
Amegrad 4: tasekla tamaziɣt d yinaw azeɣran (Ḥmed LEMNADI)
Issenta LEMNADI amegrad nnes s yict n txurrist teqqar belli mala war illi uzɣan war dinni bu tasekla. Minzi min ittejjan tasekla ad teddar d azɣan id tt iḍeffaren uca tasekla tamiwant niɣ tasekla ittwarin. Deg uswir a, irenni aneɣ d LEMNADI belli azɣan issenta aked imrezzuten Irumiyen, tuɣa teggen azɣan i tsekla tamaziɣt, qqaren xafes.
Imrezzuten a tuɣa teggen azɣan maci xma ad tugur tsekla tamaziɣt ɣar zzat anict xma ad ssnen mammec txarrasen Imaziɣen xma ad adfen tamurt nnsen ad tt ḥewwsen. U d manaya i imsaren.
LEMNADI isenned xef wawal n BUKUS i iqqaren belli azɣan i iggin imrezzuten Irumiyen tuɣa lebda twalan tasekla tamaziɣt belli war teymi ca war dayes bu tcuni, la deg yizlan ula di tenfas ...
Amegrad a ibḍa t umaru nnes xef sin n yiɣezdisa, amezwaru i illan d aseqsi: ma nzemmar ad nessiwel xef uzɣan aseklan Amaziɣ? S tarrit nnes xef useqsi a nufa war imṣebḍi xef min nnan imrezzuten id nenna zzat, ittwala belli nzemmar ad xafes nessiwel mala negga tizemmar ad narzu deg yiẓewṛan n tsekla Tamaziɣt xma ad zzayes d nekkes iremmusen (concept) minzi war nzemmar ad negg azɣan s yict n twengimt n midden, yuc aneɣ d amedya n usefru mammec zzayes d ɣa nekkes iremmusen id aneɣ ɣa ijjen ad nssefsi asefru am: (tamimt n umareg, tamimt n wawal, taḍfi n umareg, amcacka n wawak, abjer n tguri, asemḥada n wawal, amareg amagus, azuzzer, tayyuga, rrwa....)
S tmamekt nzemmar ad ad negg aṣuṛif xma ad nessufeɣ ijj n uxarres d azeɣran zzayes ad nessefsi afares aseklan s yict n twengimt d Tmaziɣt, s uya iqqar belli amawal n iremmusen n uzɣan d netta i illan d aṣuṛif amezwaru xma ad nesseta ad nessiwel xef usentel a.
Aɣezdis wiss sin i xef issiwel: min ijjin ad iman ufrak azeɣran? Yarra xef useqsi a s tneqqiḍin, zzaysent:
- Tarrit n tayyni n imeɣran Imaziɣen i usneflul Amaziɣ, d tiɣri nnsen xef iwenniten izeɣranen n tsekla n umaḍal, min ittejjan ad awin iremmusen d imaynuten ɣar tsekla Tamaziɣt, almani dewlen imassen n usefsi ssefsayen zzaysen iḍṛisen.
- Anurẓem n teseddawin xef tsekla Tamaziɣt di Lmeɣrib ssentant sɣuran tt amecnaw d ijj n usentel n urezzu. Almani idwel srusan xafes tiẓiṛtin tiseklanin timaḍlanin zzayes tedwel tasekla teksi ict n tewlaft nneɣni.
- Amussu n ufsar s tutlayt Tamaziɣ d ijj n uɣezdis xma ad yuyur iyyar n uzɣar ɣar zzat, d umani n yinawen n tsekla d imaynuten i illan d ict n tassut d tameqqrant xma ad yaf uzɣan abrid nnes ɣar tsekla Tamaziɣt.
- Tasneɣmest taliktṛunit teswiza aṭṭaṣ xma ad tili tira Tamaziɣt s ufsar n twuriwin tizeɣranin.
ɣa umeggar, LEMNADI issars d isumar xma ad imɣar iyyar n uzɣan s:
- Aẓelli n uxarres i iqqnen ɣar tsekla Tamaziɣt, s usefrez n yiḍṛisen i iksin tifras n usenflul.
- Timegga n tmunugrafin xef tsekla Tamaziɣt s ilugen n urezzu amassan.
- Asefsi n maṛṛa min ittwarin xma ad nessen timamkin n teɣri d usnubeg (réception)
- Asemɣer n urezzu xef uremmus azeɣran Amaziɣ xma ad tehwen teɣri tazeɣrant.
Ɣa umeggar n teɣri nneɣ i udelis n (asneflul Amaziɣ d umxumbel n uzɣan) nzemmar ad nini belli d ijj n udelis issars d maṛṛa imxumbal id yunuḍen i uzɣan, u issmeyyn aneɣ d tibridin mala narezzu ad nuyur ad nezdi iyyar a n tussna. Mammec nettwala belli maṛṛa yenni icarcen di tira n udelis a tbezzazen ad yili umawal n iremmusen n uzɣan, u nettwala belli akud a i di nella iḥdaj ad nessemɣar tiɣri nneɣ deg yiyyar a mkul ijj zeg uɣezdis nnes, minzi d tidet war nzemmar ad nessiwel xef uzɣan Amaziɣ s yict n twengimt war telli d Tmaziɣt amen qqaren maṛṛa imrezzuten i yuran deg udelis a.
