1- Tamsezgarut:
Tadaft inu d ict n tiɣri g wamud n yezlan itwasnen s: «Reɛyaḍ n tmut» ig yura uzlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi.
Tiɣri a tased d ijj n uswizi aked tmesmunt n «iṣuṛaf uswengem amaziɣ» di ayt buɛeyyac iggin ussan n tusna n usamɣar imariren imaziɣen d usemɣar s uzlawi mass Aḥmed di 25/07/2015.
Tiɣri a i ɣa ggeɣ i udlis a netta tt‚ d ijj n usides i bab nnes ittyuran, ad adseɣ axaṛṛeṣ nnes deg igar n tira n usefru d muk ixezzar ɣar tudart, ad arzuɣ x tadwalt manis i dd ittagem axaṛṛeṣ d uxezzar nnes, ad nessen tizemmar i ɣars deg igar n tira.
Ḥuma ad yili aya, ixeṣ tamrarut x iseqsan a:
- Min itteɛna uzlawi ya?.
- Min d ges deg amud a i dd yessufeɣ?.
- Man tɣuni jar izwl d uduf/ugensu n umud a?.
- Mermi d mani i dd yeffeɣ?.
- Minxf issawal uzlawi deg umud a?.
- Mux ggin awalen mizi yura?.
- Man tt tibratin iges deg amud a?.
- Man tt tariwin manis id yugem uzlawi?.
- Man araq i ɣas ɣa uzlawi deg igar n tira n yezlan di Arrif?.
2- Asussen s umari azlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi:
Adlis a yuri t‚ mas Aḥmed Ṣadqi, id yusin ɣar tudart‚ g useggʷas n 1959, ilul gi dcar n “Ayt ṭaɛa”, itedfran i ayt Buɛiyac. Zeg iɣra gi tɣerbazt n dcar tiɣuri nnes tamezwarut, immuti ɣer “Usinun n lbadisi” gi temdint n Lḥusima; ssenni iraḥ ɣer temdint n FAS ad yani tiɣuri gi tseddawit n «Dar lmahraz», manis id yeksi lisans gi timessunin n tsartit.
Igga sin isewggusa gi tanafut tuɣrimt «lxidma almadaniya», ijj n useggʷas di Ben Sliman iremed gi tamhla usmutteg isatiyen (Mudiriyat takwin alutur), manis id yeffeɣ d amḥḍaw (lmuraqib) n itigen, zdat ma ad as ggen ṭṭart imrayyan ssufɣen t zi rxadmet (tanafut), aked min imsaren n tmegga di 1984.
Zi ssin iɛarq ɣer Hulanda, mani illa itteddar ɛad rux, ixeddem gi ict n tasudut (institution) umsagar n tusniwin/tidalsanin di Lahay d amswizi anamun.
Azlawi ittwassen s uswizi d umuni aked imeddukar d imeɣnas irifiyen deg Rubba, iḥeṭṭar deg imsagaren d igrawen d tmeɣriwin itteggen.
Issawal, iqqar, immal, ittmenɣa, ittemzawar s yezlan i dd ittefɣen d awalen weznen zi twangimt ujɣen, ttawḍen tixfifin tteggen tt driz, snuquben tt urawen i wamziwen.
Deg senti n uwezzag n tira, ittwassen mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi s tira n tinfas tiquḍaḍin s tserɣint, d umezgun d taynit iticc i twangimt d tnegmi tamgdudt. Zdat ma ad yari izlan s tamaziɣt, ad ittwassen d ijj n uzlawi d ameqran ɣares abrid nnes deg igar usefru ittwarin.
Gi tmurt n uzazwag d tazzawga‚ issent uzlawi‚ tira n tqessisin n usefru, i dd yusin ccuren tt s rxezrat nnes ar tudart n waydud iddaren tumumt gi trelli d tgumi d tugdut (tadimuqratit), issiwel x imezraḍ x isemɣan x imeḥḍaren d ifedjjaḥen d ixeddamen, d yen ittwattun ttwasinfen ddaren x tmawin, d yen immuten ddaren, d yen immi d ttwaḥewwes asen tmurt d ttwakref asen tmaggit d umezruy, d yen izzenzen ixef nnsen gi reswaq n tadyulujit n isenden x usged (ddin), issiwel x uwezwez imenneɛraq d tawmat injerfen, d uftuttes n arraw n twacunin, issiwel s uzawaṛ x wamziwen iḥewsen ayduden... inna awalen n tsertit s yers uzlawi d asuɣen iẓaṛen ufuɣ imin iẓṛa yeddar i tt gi tagrawla x min issarzagen tudart yezzigen.
S uya izlan uzlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi usin d ccuren s txusi n tudart iknan imquddan ig iẓaṛ g imal, awalen n usefru ssawalen s tidet x tidet, ggin abrid d amaynu g igar n yezlan ittwarin, izlan n tsertit d usuɣen, mix yuri d minzi yuri d mux yuri ijja neɣ nessadaf adlis n yezlan n mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi, ula d min yuri tiqssisin amaknaw: «Jar ujenna d tmut», «Afḍis d imegdi ad ariɣ deg isri», «Neccin ɛad war nemmut», «Budejis», «Fiɣar azegza»(1)…, g igar n tasekla tarifit n uzazwag d tazzawga ittwasinfen d usefru asuɣen.
3- Asizwar udalis:
Adlis ittwassen s uzwl: «REƐYAḌ N TMUT».
Izwl a ges sin n tawalin (tifirtin): «reɛyaḍ» d «tmut»; tifrit tamezgarut nettat d reɛyaḍ id yusin zeg aɛyyeḍ itɛeyyeḍ itɛayyaḍ: asufeɣ n iɣuyyan d wawalen zi rajaɣ n tmijwin, abarreḥ d uraɣi i ḥed s jhed.
Iwdan ig itɛeyyaḍen i wayawya x wayawya, di rfaḥ niɣ di rqaḥ. Maca izwl n umud nttaf reɛyaḍ ttegg i tt tamurt ixef tteddaren iwdan; tamurt ttessawal ttesɣuyyiw, ttbarraḥ, ttraɣa, tamurt ca yuɣit uca ttɛeyaḍ, tteḍreq i reɛyaḍ. Ur ntif bu ca n tqessist s uzwl a deg umud; maca din taqessist taneggarut sadu yisem: icuɛaḍ n tmurt, yesawalen x unhezzi n tmur‚ g sewggas 1994(2).
Tamurt ixef issawal uzlawi: Aḥmed Ṣadqi ttesɣuyyiw, ttaca s uwazwiz ttxeyyeq ges acɛaḍ, s uyenni traɣa u ttɛeyaḍ i ayt bab nnes i tarawa nnes maḥend ad as ucen taynit, ad ttessegmen. Tiqessisin udlis d min yura uzlawi tteḥdaṛ g sen tt tamurt aṭṭas, d tiɣri nsen tt ttijjan tt aneɣ ad nssen bli tamurt nettat d tamugrizt deg uxaṛeṣ uzlawi d yenni ummi ttari d yenni ixef ittari, nettat d tmaggit, d tawengimt, d tayemmat d tusna d tutlayt, d tudar‚ ittwasinfen ittwasnigran ittwaɣabnen, yessukin ittumumen alendad i tsertit imrayyan ingura n zman iggin, d tteggen tizemmar ad bbin (ad qessen) aqqan jar asd d tarwa nnes ittwasiwgjen ra abara ula di ugensu (adixel).
Iqqar uzlawi g ict n tqessist sadu yesem: «Jar ujenna d tmurt» deg amud nnes wis sin:
Ralla tamurt inu,
Muk i dam ɣa temmejra?
Cem yettarwen, tesgamed,
Tessewjad dd i temẓa.
Tesweddar tifraz,
Ttijja dd ɣir timenna.
Ad tent ifezẓẓ zzman,
Ad ddewrent d tiḥuja.
X yirsawen imezẓraḍ,
Gi djyari n rmecta.
Ralla tamurt inu,
Cḥar i ɣa trud?
Mi xef i ɣa trud?
Yak marra d iɣriben i nedja,
Am yen n dixer am yen n barra
Mani ma neɛjen,
Mani ma narsa,
Qqaren-aneɣ arrem tiɣardin,
Yak kenniw war djim ssa.
Ralla tammurt inu
Cḥar i ɣa trud?
Min cem i ɣa iqidden umeṭṭa?
Ma ad truɣ x yen iweddarn,
Tezzarewḥin ceɛɛrira?
Ttwabezzqen d icuḍaḍ
Ugren jar n tmurt d ujenna,
Reɣrubiyyet deg ur nsen tezdeɣ,
Txebbec d akecca.
Ma ad trud x yen yennuɣen,
Gi tsewwiyh n ẓreḍ?
Reɣben yekk dd s ufedja,
Ɛiffen tudart‚
Temhafan arjfen x uɛraq,
War d as ufin tiwwura(3).
Ittwafsar amud n “reɛyaḍ n tmut” gi taẓregt tamezwarut g useggʷas n 1997, itwasufɣ dd zi taẓaẓragt itwasnen s “dabar-Luyten”, di Aalsmeer gi Hulanda. Tiqssisin n umud a ttwasuɣlen tt ɣar tutlayt tahulandit zeg umaru itwasnen s «Roel OTTEN»(4).
Adlis a yeffɣ dd s ij n uɣemmus g udem nnes nttaf ges snejj isem n umaru azlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi, ajiɣ as izwl n udlis “Reɛyaḍ n tmut» yura s tamiziɣt‚ s isekkilen ilatinen uzzuren, sadu nnes asuɣel n uzwl ɣer thulandit, deg wammas n wudem n uɣmmus nttaf ict n tawlaft tamenẓuṛit n unaẓuṛ/artista ameqran Muḥamed NADRANI. Itman ges adjun yarqem/yarcem s isekkilen n tifinaɣ, d sin n timjiwin n uɣanim, sadu nsen tt sin n tsaḍwin n zzitun, jar asen tt asekkil amaziɣ zay yura s tifinaɣ ⵣ.
Min Ɛnan tt tinumak i ɣares a tawlaft a tamenẓuṛit?.
Adjun d timjiwin d assddukm n tadelsa d tameggit n waydud amaziɣ, s ddukmen x tumert/refraḥet d tamessusrart/rfurjet.
Tiseḍwin n zzitun d asdukem n txusi umsafrak d tafra (la paix).
Sadu n tawlaft a, nttaf asussen n min dyusin g udlis d tamanawt n iḍṛiṣen s tmaziɣt d tahulandit: tiqessisin tirifiyin/ riffijnse gedichten.
Deg uɛrur n uɣemmus n wamud nttaf ict n tawlaft n ixef uzlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi d ijj n uḍṛiṣ n usussen zages s thulandit.
- Akttur n uduf n umud:
Deg aduf udlis nttaf: 13 n tqessisin ittwarin s tmaziɣt s umesli n ayt wayaɣer, d usuɣel nsen tt ɣer thulandit.
Taqessist tamezgarut sadu isem: Iseqsan; ig issentan s iseqsan x tudart n waydud uzlawi iffuden tirelli, ittddaren gi tallest d ẓreḍ ...
Taqessist wiss 2 Mesɛud iweddan; issawalen x Mesɛud iffɣen tamurt nnes d amenneɛruq alendad zɛef d umnus ittiɣeẓẓen zi temẓi, yeffeɣ ituweḥ innejra ar tmurt n tusmaɣa d idaflawen d tunikt/reɣrubiyyet, yesmeḥ di twacunt nnes: yemmas d babas d suytmas, yesmaḥ di tamurt nnes, iɣir ad yehna, saɛa yarnid awezwez d tamara d uweddar jar u jar.
Taqessist wiss 3 Ussan ikemḍen; izlan n tqessist a sawalen x zman ibbken x wulawen imazṛaḍ, alendad tusemɣa d umenzi d umesɣi n yewdan, d uraji x tmawin d uxezzar ɣer rmuḥar.
Taqessist wiss 4 Tanufra; Tessawal x tudart ulixa di tamurt n uzazwag d tazzawga, muk ɣares d xezzaren ra da ra gi ha. Alixa tasmaqqatc/tawlaft n umennaɛruq itteddaren ict n dudart tuɛar, teqseḥ, isnuffar azellif ittejja kulci ittman.
Taqessist wiss 5 Imaḍran n rabḥaṛ; netta tt d ict n tawlaft x yen ittfɣen tamurt suɣir, x weɛur n tɣaruba ittawḍen ar wammas n uyl acemlal ttefruruyen tt deg udem n idurar n tesfay isseɣrayen buḥbel d iman n yen yawren zeg uɛrur n tamurt ar uɛeddis n rabḥaṛ/ayl idewlen d imaḍlan n imenneɛraq/imetlaɛ id ijjin arub d imaṭṭawen d uxiyyeq awarnasen:
Tsɣuy tamurt iɣzran imettawen.
Ruban dcurat tarɣa tmessi deg urawen.
Nɛint temɣarin ḥridjzent deg zagawen(5).
Taqessist wiss 6: Ziyyan ixabbcen x iẓewran.
Taqssist a d ijj n usifi idlisen n umezruy ittwasɣran i imeḥḍaren d inelmaden di tɣerbazin, amezruy n midden ur issiwil la x Unwal la x Ɛebdekrim, di akud mani Ziyan yeffud timussna n umezruy n lejdud imezwura, suyenni idwel ɣer jeddes d jidas i d as yucin ict n tsessi zi tala n umezruy n targazt n Ɛebdekrim, ttejji t itxarras di tidet n umezruy n Ɛebdekrim i xes dd ibedden jar yeḍes d rfiqan, yenn as awalen, ksenn as aksum x yexsan:
“A ziyyan a mm inu, d nigram d di zzman d aɛeffan
Rqab idweṛ ɣar idan
Amnus nkum iɛddb-ay deg meḍṛan.
Ddewṛem am isemɣan
Di ṛswaq tmenzan
Yemma-tkum tammut, xewwxen tt ifiɣran
Tetru am ubujir di nhar ameqran”(6).
Taqessist wiss 7: Ayt Buɛumam.
Azlawi di taqessist a isqada tabrat tanefrant tccur s uzawaṛ i yemrayyen isertiten n usammar ittwasnen s icuḍaḍ x weɛrur d tiɛumam x izedjjifen d wedfar i umarikan(7).
Taqessist wiss 8: Tameɣra n ddem.
Taqessist a d awal x usugi iggin tt 34 n tnabadin saddu n umarikan x tmurt n Lɛiraq gi 28 zi sin yur (febrayar) deg useggʷas n1991. Wami:
Isugg umarikan s ṛegnus n ddenya
Wtin as tacarift ayt bab n reqsura(8).
Taqessist wiss 9: Tanewwat n weẓru.
Azlawi di tqessist a ismala awal nnes umadal x tmukrizt n falasṭin, ittwaḥewsen jar tawmat i nttaf wxxa wesɛen, maca bedlen dewlen d rmar tteqsen:
Dewren d iɣudmiwen teqqsen(9).
Taqessist wiss 10: Tameɣra uɣarda d umuc.
Asentl n tqessist a d tamukrizt tafilisṭinit ig ssidfen deg ijj n umsawal jar uḥawwas Aṣahyun d ca n imrayyen ifilisṭinen bac ad awḍen ar wufuɣ umenɣi jar asen. Aya ur ges yumin uzlaw iẓaṛen:
Falasṭin, yemma
Nec d ccem dnayen, wis dṛata d ddem(10).
Taqessist wiss 11: Ḥammadi Aburi yazzun ad yedwer d Rafqi.
Taqssist a d ijj n usifi, d ijj uzawaṛ i webrid ig yedfaṛ Ḥammadi, yegguren ad yefṭen, yanid teɣyer x taɣyuri, ḥammadi d ijjen zeg menneɛraq‚ tesderɣl it tqubbanit, ittewḥ it buheyyuf, ikarf it udfar n yenn issaɣen iznuzan di ddin/asged, id ttagem d zi tara tuggej x tmagit n waydud, tesmarɣ it ttegg as tudarɣelt d sduhcr it, iqqim war ittesli war ittwili, isseftuttes aruw d tmunt n twacunt nnes, ar wami:
Ḥammadi iwaddar as ṛaɛqeṛ, yazu xa-s, wa t-yufi
Wa yessin yennufar-as di ṭṭazṭim, wara deg raḥyan n refqi(11).
Taqessist wiss 12: Tirjit Umenneɛruq.
Issawal uzlawi di tqessist a x tzaɣart i dd yejja umtluɛ/umenneɛruq x wul uzlawi, ula x tzeddiɣt d uraq n trakalt d tawmat, zdat ma ad yar umenneɛruq x mizi itaca alendad n tawmat d tmurt manis yeffeɣ, issaṛs x-as uzlawi ijj n useqsi x min tiɣaren s wawal n tawmat n dixer/ugensu:
In ay id a tumat, in ayi d min c ireqfen?
In ay id a tumat, in ayi d min c iɣaren di tmura mmiden?(12).
Tusid tamrarut‚ umenneɛruq teccur s waki, d txusi n tawmat d tamurt d unurzi/ckawi zi tarzugi n raggaj/reɣrubiyyet d arrub d umisraw d ufadi n tsessi waman n tmurt. Itraḥ ad imsafaḍ s uṣiweḍ n sram iccur s tibratin d iwṣṣiten.
Taqessist wiss 13: Icuɛaḍ n tmurt.
Taqssist a tessawal x unhezzi n tmurt di lḥusima d min d as dd yudsen deg mayu n useggʷas n 1994, azlaw igga ict n tawlaft/tasmaqatc x tudart imeẓḍaɣ iddaren di zreḍ d buheyyuf d tiwgdi alendad ict n tsertit n tgumi tamennurit, tejja tamurt iṭṭfi tt ucɛad zi s igehhez sbaṛ/uẓiḍeṛ:
Tamurt iqḍa yas sbaṛ, yuza ɣa s uraji
Ur ines yekmeḍ, tekka dag s tmessi(13).
4- Isental d ixaṛṛiṣen d iseqsan n umud:
Ittban zi tɣuri umud a aṭṭaṣ n isental d ixaṛṛiṣen d iseqsan mi xef issawal uzlawi di tqessisin nnes.
Din min iqnen ɣar tmurt d ucar mani igma uzlawi d min ɣars iqnen d timukrizin d imxumbaṛ n tgumi d tudart ittwasnurin; d tzaɣart usinef x imezḍaɣ d tawmat d tayemmat, d trakalt d taneflit d tmagit.
Bra ma ad ittu awal d uxaṛṛeṣ deg zerfan d tiseqqaṛ n iwed ula n waydud di tmurt n dixeṛ/ugensu d baṛṛa, ula di tmura n umaḍal ittwaḥewsen, amacnaw tamukrist tafalasṭinit d min imsaren di Lɛiraq.
Issawal uzlawi x tirelli n ufaggan mani ma, d temqudit/tugdut jar yewdan, d uslillu d tidet umezruy.
Itseqsa x lfarz jar iwdan; jar imezṛaḍ d yenn ittwasinfen x tma, d imrayyen ayt buɛumam d raqsura d imawwaḍen iggin bukebbas x wurawen n yewdan ig arin d isemɣan.
Issawal x useɛraq imeẓḍaɣ, d usures i ten yejjin ad ffɣen tamurt nsen; ad ttwandlen deg waman, niɣ ad awḍen ad ddaren awezwez d reɣrubiyyet d raggaj x twacunin d tayemmat deg seḥqaṛ d uɛeffaṛ d lfaz, zdat ma a ddewlen ɣemmsen deg ufniq, niɣ d imaɛḍar n tazmart n arrimet. Itadef ɣer uduf n wulawen d iman nsen, ismutuy dd awezwez d tiqqest minzi tacan. Aɛraq d netta illan d asentl asatur/adslan deg amud.
Issawal x tmagit d twengimt d tutlayt d umezruy n waydud amaziɣ ittwasinfen ittwattun.
Ittic awal nnes s ubareḥ, ittfɣed d tixfifin snuquben tt iɣembab n wamziwen isertiten ittẓẓun tudayt g ulawen n yewdan.
Ittɛarra tumumt n tmurt issinfen amziwen d wecnan d ifiɣran ittrayyan, Ifeṭṭeḥ tzaɣat d tnifest i dd jjin s uḍfaṛ n tsertit iɛewjen/iffaryiḍen.
Issawal x tagrawla d ufuɣ zi tusemɣa ɣar tudart n tirelli d temquddit (égalité).
Issawal x umwayaz d twiza jar tawmat n baṛṛa d tawmat n dixel/ugensu.
Issawal x min itterqafen imennaɛraq gi tmeggit d tadwart nsen zi aṭṭan n tidyulujin tibaṛṛaniyyin ig iwwin aṭṭaṣ zeg sen ɣar umussu issaɣen iznuzan gi ddin ameslem, srawggaren iwdan ɣer usammar/ccaq zi d asen ttawin adji/alli tteɛyaren asen x tutc, ttbellaɛen asen tawengint, tteqnen asen tiṭṭawin, ddewglen war tteslin war ttwilin, amaknaw Ḥammadi aburi.
Sweddaren asen ibriden ittawyen ɣar tidet, amaknaw min ittemsaren i waṭṭaṣ n tarwa imenneɛraq iweddaren di tmurt n uzazwag d tazzawga.
Issawal x umezruy d assa d imal. Amezruy n taryazt iqnen ɣer tirugza n imɣaren i dd jjin irifiyen di akud n useggur n Muḥamed mmis n Ɛebdekrim deg umanɣi x tmurt iḥewasen irumiyen, amezruy a isswedaren zeg dlisen issɣuran gi tɣerbazin. Azlawi idewgel ittsijja x umezruy ittagmed zges iḍṛiṣen d awalen, ittsessaw zegsen tawngint n yiḍa, ig ittwaqnen aked imal; iqqar x yiles n Ɛebdekrim ittweṣṣa ziyan illan d aḥudri d amezyan:
“A ziyyan a mm inu, d nigram d di zzman d aɛeffan
Rqab idweṛ ɣar idan
Amnus nkum iɛddb-ay deg meḍṛan.
Ddewṛem am isemɣan
Di ṛswaq tmenzan
Yemma-tkum tammut, xewwxen tt ifiɣran
Tetru am ubujir di nhar ameqran.
Kkaṛ tt a wradi, ffɣ tt zeg gefran
Bedr tt zzman
Qber ma a c kum ccen wucnan
Qerɛ tt ariri, skemḍ tt asennan.
Zzu tt nnwa, neqc tt aremman
Sqeḍɛ tt imegran
Qber ma ad yenndran
Cḥar ɣa ttekkem ttnekkam d weṭṭam
Tkessim tesrusam»(14).
Issawal x wassa s tidet iẓaṛen anegri d usinef d tzawa n tmurt isnuryen iɛeffanen n tmegga, ibarkanen n wul, i dd ijjin aɛraq d useɛreq d uteweḥ n imezḍaɣ zi tmurt nsen. Iqqar di tqessisit n ijj n umenneɛruq:
Tesdeɛq d ur inu ammis n dcar inu iɛaqen
Tejj i d axxam inek tawwart rebda teqqen
Tazeqqa tudum, xewxen tt ifiɣriwen
Ssun reɛwac sefrurin mtarawen
Tisi tennuqeb, zeḍɣen tt iɣarḍayen
.......
Min twaṭ i d tibeḥḥaṛ setjjqent d isejyawen
Yekka buzarab, dewren-tt d ixadawen
Ssufɣen dd imecḥuden
Qqimen ɣi iẓwran x igedman
Nneɛneɛ nn ira tezzu d
Yeɣm i dd d isennanen, yegga imeccawen(15).
Issawal x imal/tiwca s usitem d unaruz, s waẓṛi n tfuyt a tali ad ttesweddar tallest issujjsen x yeḍa, maca mara ttwaggen tt tizemmar deg ubrid n tarzyt x trelli. Iqqar uzlawi gi tqessist tanewwat n weẓṛu:
D ijj n jjiret temɣar, jjiret wa ittnḥaddin
Di ṣṣeḥra n ddej d tɣufawin
Ddem inu d iɣzran, yesserqeḥ tinewwarin
Buḥbeṛ inu d rqnadar, ɣa tmurt n ujemmaḍin
Reɛqer inu tfuyt, ifṭṭḥen tixcbin
Tixcbin i tendim x reɛwac n tetbirin(16).
Amud a ismala ict n tirmit deg ubrid usefru yuran s tamaziɣt n Arrif di tmurt n uzazwag d tazzawga.
Amud a ittwari di tamurt ges izerfan d tirelli uxa ṛṛeṣ d tannayt d waẓṛi bla yafarg d min itteqnen aqemmum d usekraf n yiles x wawalen d min raẓẓun iwdan ad ininn ad ẓaṛen. Di tmurt a, itwassnen HULANDA id isneflul mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi amud nnes: «REƐYAḌ N TMURT»; Mani yufa tizemmar ad yini ad yari isefran/izlan issfajan x wulawen ittwezwizen s tfeqqaḥ d uqemmeḥ d raggʷajj d reɣrubiyyrt d uxiyyeq d uweddaṛ.
Maca, di tmurt a imsawaḍ aked tussniwin d yelsawen umaḍal, ittijjin ad yades aẓwaṛ nnes iqnen ɣar ucal n tmurt nnes, d uraq n tusna d tameggit n waydud nnes, ad zaysen issemɣar, maci ad yaḍfaṛ niɣ ad yefsi gi min illan mmiden, S uya azlawi igga tizemmar, iḍfaṛ abrid imusnawen/imesnawiyen n tussna, deg igar a iqqar: «tiqssisin a d ijj usurif d amezyan deg ubrid n QAḌI Qaddur»(17).
Amud a ittwasuffɣ dd i tiɣri deg usewggʷas n 1997, awarni ṣḍiṣ (6) n idlisen n usefru yuran s tmaziɣt n Arrif ittwafsaren di lmerruk ula di barra, d netta wiss semmus (5) idlisen ittwafsaren di HULANDA ɣar usewggʷas n 1997; Hulanda d tawi ccenɛet jar timura n bara g mussu n usneflul n tsekla ittwarin s tamaziɣt n Arrif ig ittwafsaren.
Tasekla ya d ict n tsekla vares ammak nnes di tira, ula deg usadef d usrusi (twuri) n tutlayt, d twassen d ict n tsekla teqqen ar usentl (asgum/thème) n uzazwag d tazzawga (L’abandonné et l’exil). Asentl a ustuṛ twaqnen tt ɣares aṭṭaṣ n tsentlin tijuṭayin tenḍen tt x tmaggit d tneccint itwgzmen s ugaji d umutti d uweṭṭi, d uwezwez n usinef d unigri d uweddar d tiwgdi n tellit (Anxiété existentielle) di tmurt n tzeddiɣt deg uzazwag d tazzawga, ula di tmurt n weẓwar.
Mana ya itejja neɣ alendad timarrutin (Représentations) tidelsanin, ccuren tt s twlafin smalan tt id udmawen n usbeṭṭu d usefrez jar sin n tiriwtin (tiriwt: espace); tiriwt uzdduɣ deg uzazwag d tazzawga, d tiriwt tazwarit (tayemmat). U mana ya ittawi ar tadast usmquddi jar tiriwin d tnccint d yeḍen. S uya, nzemmar ad nessaɣ tfawt di tadaft a x min iqnen ɣar tsekla ig urin imaruten d tmarutin di tmurt uzazwag d tazzawga, utwafsren di barra niɣ di lmerruk.
Wac tidet irifiyyen ɣar sen tasekla uzazwag d tazzawga? Mermi tssent a? Umani tewweḍ? Man tifras nnes?.
Irifiyen ɛarqen, twasɛarqen ɣar waṭṭaṣ n timura ittwasnen s timura uzazwag d tazawga.
Ticri d umuti iggin irifiyen, d useɛraq i d asen imsaren, gginten tt niɣ twaggen tt s arimet d tusniwin d tinuma d tisḍfaṛin d tiɣalin d tadelsa d tutlayt nsen tamaziɣt, ig iqqimen tt dren tt, ssidarenten tt di tudart gi tudrin d imsagaren d umṣawaḍ ittemsaren aked twacunin d imeddukal tarwa n tmurt manis usin dd.
Tadelasa a, teqqim x tma, d tamiwant, tumum tweddar tnnigra tislaw alendad tidelsawin n tmura n midden, timura n uzazwag d tazawga. Ar ufaqi imsan irifiyen ifɣen niɣ twasufɣen deg neggura kkuẓ wagnaren d usenti n kkuẓ wagnaren d mraw zi tasut tagnarit zi tlalit n yeccu.
Afaqi a yussid aked tawssit n iḥudriyen yeɣrin telɛen ar timura n Urubba rezzun ad knen, ad ssiẓiḍen tudart nsen zi ra taṛeẓ tarẓag, yina ksind akidsen amnus n tmaggit d tutlayt tayemmat ittwasinfen tt, ussin dd ssijjen x usurs ufin tiwwura n trelli nnurẓmen tt, mṣawaḍen aked imeɣnasen iqburen deg igar n umussu amaziɣ d irumiyen itmeɣnasen x tmaggit d tiseqqar ufeggan, s uyenni kren ad ucen taynit i tadelsa d tmaggit d tsekla nsen, amya ssentan iṣuṛaf deg ubrid n tira taseklant tarifit n uzazwag d tazzawga, imariten nnes ufin akud iwesneflul d tira, d uswizi d tamunit d umsagar gi tmesmunin d inmugaren mani temṣawaḍen aked imeɣriten d ineṭṭafen d imefṛaj d wefsar iḍṛiṣen. Zeg ukud 1993 ar yiḍa twafsar ict n talkamt n idlisen iseklanen amux temẓaṛ dani s wadday:
Itman zi tabibliyuɣrafit n idlisen a sennej itwafsaren blli:
- Tasekla tarifit n uzazwag d tazzawga tnnigra deg ufuɣ ɣer wefsar, tanigrit a tedwal ɣar tqubbanit n imenneɛraq d imzawgen imezwura izwan ɣer Urubba, yina raḥen d imeggiten, ucin taynit nsen i wesmuni n tenɛacin, d mamek i ɣa ad semquddan ad knen tudart d twacunin nsen; d rxezrat tadyulujit n imrayyan n tinbaḍin di tmura n uzazwag d tzawga ɣar imenneɛraq blli netnin d Aɛraben maci d imaziɣen, amya ikidsen muggan deg usiɣri nsen, ula deg zurag idelsanen, amya ittwasegden, seswen ten zi taliwin midden ur yelli nsen, s uynni qqimen d iɣriben d imessunaf d imyeksen.
- Tudrust n idlisen ittwafsaren, uṭṭun n sen marra itaweḍ ar 48, immewḍa jar imuden n usefru 34, d ungalen 07, d tullizin tiquḍaḍin 06, d ict (01) n tmezgunt.
- Unuḍ mizi tekkar tmessentut/timeskirt n iẓewran di Hulanda, iggin tizemmar timeqranin deg igar umyawaz aked imaruten maḥend ad ssufɣen idlisen nsen ad twafsaren, d usmumu nnes ameqran ḥuma ad tiriw tmussut taseklant di tmurt n uzazwag d tazzawga, ula di tazzuyt n utuwi atrar di tsekla ya, d usiriw n waki s tmaggit, d wattaf gi tutlayt d tadelsa n tmaziɣt jar imetlaɛ irifiyen. Bla ma ad nettu tizemmar iggin ca imusnawen d ihuladiyyen, ḥuma ad ssufɣen imaruten idelisen nsen, s uswizi aked iẓewran, deg usegged n tira, ula deg igar n usuɣl zi tmaziɣt ɣar thulandit, Roel Otten d Maarten Kossmann... yina d iselmaden d imedyaten zeg yenni issidfen tmaziɣt ɣar tseddawit tahulandit (Leiden University) ad twasɣar, ad xeṣ msaren tt trezzutin d tzrawin tikadimitin.
- Amegnet n temɣart tamarut yudrus aṭṭaṣ ur iɛdi sin (02) n timarutin deg anaw n usefru, tazrawit Naɛima FARISI d tezrawit Asmaa AWEEṬṬAḤ.
- Ntaf ijj n umegnet n isental deg tumayt n idlisen a iqnen ɣar tmurt tayemmat d wamur d iɣeẓdisen iqnen aked tudart imetlaɛ di tmurt n uzazwag d tazawga.
- Zeg imaruten issiwlen x isental a sennej nzemmar ad nidar Aḥmed ZIYANI, itwasnen s uzlawi n wetlaɛ, d Mimun LWALID, d Muḥamed CACA, d Meṣṭafa AYNEḌ, d MḤamed WACCIX, d Karim kennuf d Ḥasan lmusawi, Ur ntettu amaru i xef yessawal umenni/amagrad (article) ya nneɣ: Aḥmed ṢADQI.
5- Tawida tamezluyt: (La forme poétique).
Maṛṛa addud n tqessisin umud n Aḥmed Ṣadqi d azegrar, tamezyant n ssen tt ges 28 n izrigen/iseṭṭiren, tazerrart nsen tt ges 128 n izrigen. Ɣarsen tt izwl issegzl min gsen tt deg duf d axaṛṛeṣ. Ttwabnan tt x rebni n tqessist amaknaw: Mesɛud iweddan, Ziyyan ixebcen x iẓewṛan, Tameɣra n ddem, Tameɣra n uɣarḍa d umuc, Ḥamadi aburi yazun ad yedwer d refqi, niɣ ttsentan tt s iseqsan x tudart itbanen uzlawi tessujjes, isseḍfaṛ as dd ict n uweṣṣf/usnumel yudes ɣer tidet, zdat ma ad yini man ufuɣ ig iẓaṛ usures a; amaknaw min dyusin gi tqessisin n Tseqsan, d Tanufra, d Imeḍlan n rebḥaṛ.
Di tqessisin a, ntaf amsawal jar iwdan kul ijj min ittmetal/ismedy, ca issawal x iḍnnat x umezru amaknaw jeddes d jidas n ẓiyyan, d Ɛabdkrim id xa-s ibedden jar yiḍes d ṛfiqan, yenn as awalen, ksenn as Aksum x yexsan(18). Ca issawal x yiḍa s yiles umezruy d umeneɛruq... amux n taff di tqessist n Mesɛud iweddren(19).
5.1- Tameɣrut d rirart s uɛawed n isekkilen d tawalin d tameqlubt:
Izlan n wamud n mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi, muden fetlen mquddan gi tiddi nsen, tenfalalen s tameɣrut d awalen yemswdan amux itban zi tafluyt wis (1):
Nezmmar ad nini bli azlawi isnay/iddes tiqessisin nnes x tawila taqburt, irazzun x lɣa d uẓawan. Tameɣrut netta tt d anuɣ n isekkilen ittemɛawaden deg tmeggarut n yezlan, ttawi ɣar unina n barra, maca ntaf di ca n tmedyazin issidef gsen tt bezzaf n timeɣrutin, amux itman zi tafluyt a swadday:
Deg uɣeẓḍis nneḍni, ntaf azlawi, issmres (utiliser) anina n uduf/ugensu, s tameqlubt d tirart n uɛawed/ulus s tawalin d isekkilen d tiwinas di tawalin d usnay n tiwinas d tseddarin n yezlan, ḥuma ad igg aẓawen, ittrajan imejjan/imezzuɣen imeslan d imeɣran, d waki s tebrat nnes, d tazzuyt n waki s tewlaft ixeṣ uzlawi ad yeṣṣiweḍ. Manaya d ijj n wudem zeg udmawen n taḍfaṛt/tadyant (tradition) deg usefru yurin s tmaziɣt n Arif.
5.2- Tamamekt (le style):
5.2.1- Tiwlafin tikebabin:
Tiqsesssin uzlawi ccuren tt s tiwlafin tikebabin, id ittawi zi tusna yudjɣen n tmurt nnes, d min iqnen ɣar tamust/ugama (la nature) d trakalt: idurar, iɣzran, rebḥar/ilel ajenna, dmani, tibeḥḥar, rejruf, igeddimen, ajjaj, aṣemmiḍ, asegnu, taguyt, tallest, tfuyt, itran, taziri, amessuki, benneɛman, alili, timssi, imejdamen, iḥefrawen, reɛnasar, d rmar n tagant issawggaden rewḥuc n rexra amaknaw: uccanen, ifiɣran, iɣarḍayen, tiɣarḍmiwin, abelɛeman, ibaɣliwen, isiwanen buharru... d min iqnen ar timeccahutin d tinfas: tamẓa, amziwen, bukebbas, maɣriḍu...
Azlawi issadaf di tqssisin nnes min iqnen ɣar twengimt n waydud, amakna: imedyaten ittwasenen di tusna nnes, ula ɣar midden bac ad iṣṣiweḍ ca n tebratin d uxaṛṛeṣ ig ixeṣ.
Azlawi Aḥmed Ṣadqi issadaf aṭṭaṣ n tewlafin qnen tt ɣar tamust/aṭṭabiɛa xemri ittxeṣ ad issiwel x tudart n yeḍa d usures itteddaren imezḍaɣ, d unelkem id jjin isertiten itirayyan, x tmurt d tzeddiɣt, d melmi itzawar imrayyan iccin tiseqqar n yewdan, d melmi issawal x wufuɣ zeg sures a ɣar tudart n trellis... d melmi iweṣṣef asugi iḥewwasen x timura n midden, d melmi iweṣṣef amuti d uzewggi amennuri imenneɛraq deg aman n ilel, d melmi issadas dd awezwez imezlaḍ idewglen d isemɣan di reswaq/igdazen tmenzan.
5.2.2- Awal d tmawalt d unamek:
Awlen n tqessisin n mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi izzigen qquren, qnen aṭṭaṣ ɣar uraq d taqbitc mani igma, irazzu, itcuc, ifarren, ittaf minzi ibenna issem izlan d tqessisin, wen ur iswin zi tussna ya‚ war dd uugim zi tariwin n wawalen n zik, iqseḥ xeṣ ad yefhem mliḥ min ixeṣ ad yini uzlawi, ig iqqimen di tqssisin nnes yugi ad innurzem x wawalen imaziɣen imaynuten mala nejja ict n tawalt ig issidef netta tt d tirelli, di akud mani nufa azlaw issidef ca n awalen di Hulandiyen twaqqaren g igar n rxedmet jar n ubatrun d ixeddamen di tqassist n Mesɛud iweddan (maandag beginne, opschiete, a meneer ik werk zoeke)(20).
Azlawi s usidf n awalen a aked awalen id ittagem zi tmawalt n ugdud, ittawi imeɣri (le lecteur) ar mani ixeṣ, iṣṣawḍ it ad yaka aked unamek d raggʷajj n wawalen imaziɣen id ittfɣen d tixfifin zeg zidan ineycen ɣar iɛdawen issarzagen tudart mani ma.
S udwal ɣar umud n uzlawi, nzemmar ad nessufeɣ igaren inumak amaknaw:
- Igar n weɛraq d useɛreq d raggʷaj, tawlain issadfen ɣares: ntemhafa, aɛraq, refyafi, taɣarabut, remwaj amenneɛruq, ɛewden ayi, timura n midden, rbarani...
- Igar n tiqqest d uwezwez: deɛqeɣ, snecfen, amnus, tifeqqaḥ, tɣufi, axemmem, deɛqen, neknef, nesɣuyyu, kemḍen, imeṭṭwen…
- Igar umezruy d tmagit: iẓewran, lektub n ttarix, Ɛebderim, Anwal, Dhar ubaran, Asebanyu, Afransis, Silivstri, zman iyeɛdun, ires nneɣ yetwaqess, imjahden…
- Igar n tyemmat tamurt d raq n tgumi dcar: timura, idurar, iɣezran, igeddimen reɛnaṣar, ifuras, amessuki, benneɛman, dcar, rɛuc, azqaq, isegni, isessu, tugem, tezdem, asɣ ar, tiwizawin, izran,car…
5.2.3- Immaken ittwssmersen deg umud:
Azlawi Apmed Ṣadqi deg umud nnes: «Reɛyaḍ n tmut» issemres aṭṭaṣ n yemmaken ttmewḍan jar sin: din min iqnen ɣar ammak analaw, d ammak asnnulfu/aɣennaw. Xemri ittxeṣ uzlawi ad yeṣṣiweḍ ɣar umeɣri ca n uneɣmis x ca n tmukrist, niɣ ittxeṣ ad ismal awal d annay nnes, issenta awal s umyag niɣ s izwel, ittɛawad min yemsaren, isseḍfar d awal d walus, issemres ammak analaw, amaknaw:
Zeyyan d aḥudri d amezyan
Yessqḍeɛ reɛqeṛ ines, ixebbec x iẓewṛan.
Yazzu ad yessen manis d qqasen iseɣwan
D min iweqɛen di zzman i yeɛdun(21).
****
Tesriwriw faḍma, iɛeyyeḍ ḥemmadi
Ggin bandu x tzeqqa, faḥenn as uɛezri,
Ḥed yetceḥḥa atay, ḥed yerha ag ikari(22).
Izemmar umeɣri ad yaf iɛurricen n ammak a deg umud a, ittxeṣ uzlawi ad isban anammar d tumart, d uwezwez d usirem, d usides n imsiren d addaden.
Deg uɣeẓḍis nniḍen ntaf azlawi issemres ammak asnnulfu illan d awal ittxeṣ zzages uzlawi ad yessars asseqsi, deg amud n mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi ittsenta s useqsi di tmedyazt nnes tamezwarut umi igga izwl: “iseqsan”(23), niɣ ad igg araɣi amaknaw: “A ziyyan a mm inu, d nigram d di zzman d aɛeffan”(24).
Ttadefen imyaggen n wamaṛ/unaḍ deg ammak asnnulfu, ittxeṣ uzlawi ad iṣṣiweḍ tibratin n tamɣensa d ubeddi deg udem n tusemɣa mux ma degga. Iqqar uzlawi:
Kkaṛ tt a wradi, ffɣ tt zeg gefran
Bedr tt zzman
Qber ma a c kum ccen wucnan
Qerɛ tt ariri, skemḍ tt asennan.
Zzu tt nnwa, neqc tt aremman
Sqeḍɛ tt imegran(25).
Deg igar n ammak ntaf azlawi issmres deg umud nnes amsawal jar udmawen, d useḍṛeṣ aked umezruy d min iqnen ɣar ukkus d twengimt ḥuma ad igg afran (critique) ad yuc annay nnes deg min iqnen ar tsertit d usged, itaf tirelli ad issiwel s usdukm (symbole) d talwat (métaphore) d userwes d tayḍiṣnt.
S uya neqqar bli mass Aḥmed Ṣadqi ɣares abrid nnes deg igar n tira n yezlan, abrid n tidet iṣṣawaḍen awalen yeknan gi akud ubuṭṭeḥ d umsaḍfaṛ d ubuybeḥ.
Aḥmed Ṣadqi d azlawi n yezlan n usɣen (engageé), d waqqan d tɣuni n wawal aked imunas n waydud, d tarezzuyt x wufuɣ zi tɣufawin d usures iddaren imezḍaɣ inamuren d imenneɛraq d yenni ummi d ttwakkes tmurt d izelfan, niɣ ttwawcen i ḥed nneḍeni, d marra imessunaf d imettuten d immumten deg umaḍal.
Netta d azlawi d anamuri ittxeṣen tamurt nnes aṭṭaṣ waxxa yeddar di tmurt n uzazwag d tazzawga, war itettu tawmat n dixeṛ, iqqar di “tirjit n umenneɛruq”:
“a tumat n dixeṛ, ya tcumɛet yareqqen
Nec, waxxa ɛewwdenn ayi ɣa tmura iṣemmiḍen
Ɣasen i tudart inu, wḍant d iwezwizen
Reɛqer inu adixeṛ, ur inu am nneḍḍen
Wa zemmaɣ ad sxiɣ, zeg caṛ n day yessegmen
Wa zemmaɣ ad ttuɣ ṛeɛnaṣa n day iseswen”(26).
Netta d azlawi d ameḍlan issawalen x trelli d umquddi d umyawaz jar ayduden, issiwel x tmukrizt tafalastinit d usugi x alɛiraq zeg uɣeẓḍis n tufeggant.
Nssitim as tudart tazegrart tekna teccuṛ s taẓyuḍi d tayri aked tawacunt nnes.
Tama tabibliyuɣrafit:
1- Ahmed ESSADKI: Radjaɣ n tudart. taẓrigt tamezwarut, 2019, tisfsarin n tmesmunt n Masinisa i tussna di Ṭanja, taẓrigt tis 2, taẓaẓragt: Imprimerie Spartel, Ṭanja.
2- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. dabar-Luyten, Aalsmeer 1997, tudemt wiss: 92.
3- Ahmed ESSADKI: Radjaɣ n tudart. Asedwel yezguṛ, tudmiwin wiss: 39 d 40 d 41.
4- Ahmed ESSADKI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izguṛ, tudmiwin wiss: 3 d 4.
5- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss: 42.
6- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 50.
7- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 52.
8- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. Asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss: 58.
9- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 64.
10- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 72.
11- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 82.
12- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 86.
13- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss: 95.
14- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss: 50.
15- Asedwel s imant nnes, asebter wiss: 84.
16- Asedwel s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 64
17- Asedwel s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 7.
18- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss: 50.
19- Asedwel s imant nnes, tudemt jar 16 d 24.
20- Ahmed ṢADQI: REƐYAḌ N TMUT. asedwel izgur, tudemt wiss:22.
21- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 44.
22- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 16.
23- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 10.
24- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss: 50.
25- Asedwel a s imant nnes.
26- Asedwel a s imant nnes, tudemt wiss:88.
