Yeqqen uxarres n tira n tmaziɣt aked wemxumbel n usekkil. Amxumbel-a yemsebḍa x tlata n yebriden, kul ijjen zeg-sen man amnus i yerbu wi t-iḍefren. imunas-a, qqnen deg waṭṭas n twalatin ɣer tedyulujit d tsertit (Chaker, 2010: 54), kter zeg weswiẓẓeḍ ɣer min yellan d atiqni (Lounaouci, 2006: 168). Aṭṭas zeg yinni i yesserɣen tifawin x usentel-a n usekkil, d manaya i ttwalan. Muḥemmed CCAMI, di tadaft-nnes i yegga x yemxumbal n tira n tmaziɣt, di twalat tamezwarut n tmesmunt n tseddawit n unebdu, yenna deg-s belli “astay n ca n usekkil zi tlata-ya n isekkilen i zi nexs a nari tamaziɣt, ittadef deg-s min yellan d asertan, d anamun, d anyiman, kter zi min yellan d atiqni. s uya, afessay n manaya wer ittili illa s werẓam n wemsawal...” (Chami, 1980: 167).
Zi tlata n yeklusay n usekkil i yettemdeḥḥasen x wazzerg n tira n tmaziɣt, kul ijjten zi tarbiɛin i ittḥaman ca n usekkil, mani tetterra astay-nnes. Inni i yeqqaren aqa d asekkil aɛrab i tt-ɣa yeccen, ttwalan manaya yesnejbad ɣer wuɣun n imaziɣen aked ddin-nsen (Khalafi, 2000: 59). Zeg uɣezdis nniḍen, inni i yeqqaren belli tamaziɣt wer da mɣar a tt-nari s usekkil-nnes (tifinaɣ), ttwalan-t (asekkil) d lwert n lejdud (Lounaouci, 2006: 168), itteqqen iḍennaḍ n imaziɣen aked yiḍa-nsen, itticc-asen min ten-ɣa imeyyzen x yegduden-nniḍen (Khalafi, 2000: 59), rni x manaya, d ijj n usekkil yerbu amezruy d ameqqran, asexdem-nnes ad yewc ijj n jjehd i tnettit tamaziɣt (Ameur; Bouhjar; Boukhris; Boukous; Boumalek; El Medlaoui; Iaazzi, 2010: 101). Wer nettettu ɛawed inni i yeqqaren belli asekkil alatan d netta i ɣa inefɛen i tira n tmaziɣt, ttwalan-t yezmer a tt-yejj (tamaziɣt) ad tennurẓem x yedles amaḍlan, d tetiknulujit n jjdid (Abouzaid, 2011: 125), zeg-s, ad terẓem tawwurt n tmetrart (modernité), ad taf amkan-nnes jer tutlayin timeqqranin (Pouessel, 2008).
Zi tannayin i dd-nidar, ittban-dd belli aswaḍ s tiṭṭ n tedyulujit tettejja kul ijjen zeg yinni i yixḍaren asekkil i tira n tmaziɣt, yecqa-t mayemmi i t-yixḍar kter zi min t-tecqa tutlayt i umi ittixḍar asekkil-nni. Amen dd-tusa; mala nrezzu a nari ca n tutlayt, a das-nixḍar asekkil i ɣa yeshewnen tiɣri-nnes d tira-nnes; Ula d axarres-nneɣ ittxessa-t ad yili di tutlayt-nni i umi nettixḍar asekkil, kter zi min ɣa yili i ddin niɣ i tnettit niɣ i umezruy...
Da, wenni i yeqqaren aqa xarrseɣ g usekkil-a, minzi xseɣ tutlayt ad tali, ad teṭṭef di tutlayin timeqqranin n umaḍal, yif i tmaziɣt x wenni i ɣa yinin: ad ixḍareɣ asekkil ḥma iwdan ad ilin udsen ɣer ddin, niɣ ḥma wer ttnesrurufen zeg umezruy-nsen d tnettit-nsen...
1- Asekkil i tutlayt? niɣ asekkil i tnettit d umezruy?
Ttwassnent tmura n ugafa n Tefriqt d Sseḥra d Ssaḥel s usekkil yewta iẓewran deg umezruy, ittɛaqqab ɣer lqern wiss VI qbel i tlalit n Yeccu Lmasiḥ (Chaker, 2009; Chaker, 2002; Toudji, 2007: 136). Da nessawal x usekkil alibyan (libyque), yettwasemma ammu x “Libya” (La Libye), isem-a i ḍelqen yegrikiyen x Tefriqt (Hachid, 2000: 173; Chaker, 2009). Uran yimaziɣen s usekkil-a di cchud n imeḍlan, d weẓru, d ukeccuḍ, d yejdi... zi later i yeqqimen d aqdim merra; dinni nnqec i ufin di “Ɛzib n Ikkis” deg Waṭlas ameqqran, d nnqec n thugga (dougga) di Tunes.
Asekkil-a ibedd usexdem-nnes deg ugafa n Tefriqt zi lqern wiss III awarn i Yeccu Lmasiḥ (Aghali-Zakar, 2014), qqimen illa Yetwargiyen ṭṭfen di tira-nsen ɣer lexxu, semman-tent “tifinaɣ”, tira-ya mserwasent aked tira tilibiyin deg waṭṭas n tmeslayin:
- aṭṭas n isekkilen ttawin-dd g wayawya.
- ttarin manis mma (zi ẓelmeḍ ɣer yeffus, niɣ zi yeffus ɣer ẓelmeḍ, niɣ zi ḍḍher ɣer tisi, niɣ zi tisi ɣer ḍḍher),
- aklasi-ya n tira deg-s illa targalin, ttarin-tent bla yiɣriten.
- wer beṭṭin jer tguri d tguri s lxawi.
S uya, tifinaɣ d ijj n usekkil yeqqen ɣer tira tilibiyin (Aghali-Zakar 2014), ssexdamen-tent yetwargiyen bac ad arin tibratin d tiquḍaḍin waha (s drus n isekkilen), xmi ttexsen ad arin min yellan d azegrar, swaẓẓaḍen ɣer ca n usekkil-nniḍen, niɣ ɣer ca n tutlayt nniḍen (Galand 1999), asekkil-a, amen i t-ittwala Lionel Galend; wer yelli d asekkil i tira, maca d ijj n tirart ttekkren-dd x-as iḥenjiren zi temẓi, ttbeddalen zeg-s yiḥudriyen tibratin jer-asen (Galand 1999). Rni x manaya, tifinaɣ i ssexdamen Yetwargiyen, msebḍant zeg wemkan ɣer wenniḍen, nezmer a nini belli ɣer-sen isekkilen msebḍan, maca aklasi n tira d ijjen (Casjus 2011).
Asegg°as n 1968, ad munen yimeɣnasen d iqbayliyen di Paris, ḥma ad sbedden ijj n tmesmunt semman-tt “agraw n imaziɣen” L’académie berbère (Lafkioui 2013). Aked imeggura n 1969, d imezwura n 1970, a dd-banent tfinaɣ s yijj n wudem d jjdid (néo-tifinagh), ɛedlen deg-sent aṭṭas ḥma a dd-asent aked nnuṭq n teqbaylit (El Barkani 2010: 71), s uya, saqaren-dd aṭṭas n yisekkilen d imaynuten ɛemmers ma ttuɣa-ten di tfinaɣ qbel (Ameur; Bouhjar; Boukhris; Boukous; Boumalek; El Medlaoui; Iaazzi, 2010: 31-32). Amen dinni isekkilen i umi beddlen cckel, d yisekkilen nneɣnit rrin-ten ad ṭṭfen amkan n yeɣriten (voyelle) awarn i umi ttuɣa tifinaɣ tiqdimin wer deg-sent ssexdimen ca iɣriten. Saqaren-dd ɛawed ijj n tmatart (^) i tussi (la gémination), d waṭṭas n ubeddel.
Deg usegg°as n 2003, yeksi IRCAM isekkilen-a s yexf-nsen (néo-tifinagh), aked cwayt n ubeddel, uca yessewjed-aneɣ-dd udem n tfinaɣ i yettwasemman “Tifinagh-IRCAM”. Da ttemrusan iseqsan: tifinaɣ-a n jjdid, awarn i umi nedwel nbeṭṭa tiguriwin ijten x tenniḍen s lxawi, awarn i umi nedwel nesbana tussi di tira, awarn i umi nedwel nbeṭṭa jer tergalin s yeɣriten, awarn i umi i dd-nsaqar xir-rebbi n isekkilen d jjdid, awarn i umi nedwel nettari zi ẓelmeḍ ɣer yeffus waha... awarn i kulci manaya, ma aqqa-neɣ arendad i tfinaɣ d tifinaɣ?, niɣ aqqa-neɣ arendad i yijj n weklasi n usekkil ilul-dd asegg°as n 1970 di Paris, zi ssenni ḥellqen-as cwayt di Rrbaṭ asegg°as n 2003?
Yeqqar Miloud Taifi:
“Le tifinagh promu par l’IRCAM est de ce fait introuvable, à moins que les décideurs de L’Institut aient découvert un système d’écriture qui aurait échappé à la vigilance des chercheurs. Rien n’est moins sur, car en réalité, il s’agit du néo-tifinagh. Une invention pure et simple qui date des années 70, c’est à dire dans l’histoire actuelle. Des milieux kabyles parisiens ont essayé à partir des données du lybique et de l’écriture touarègue de construire un système complet, en ajoutant des symboles et pour les consonnes manquantes et pour les voyelles...” (Taifi 2008).
Astay n tfinaɣ i tira, din awarn-as ijj n lxawi n tnettit, din awarn-as taykit s unufsel zeg umezruy mala wer nuri s tfinaɣ. s uya;
- tifinaɣ = amezruy
- tifinaɣ = tanettit
- tifinaɣ = neccin (imaziɣen)
Tlata-ya n teksulin (Équations), d nitenti i yettejjan aṭṭas n imeɣnasen d yimerzuten ad senjebden ɣer usekkil n tfinaɣ, ttwalan-t yerzef-dd zeg yiḍennaḍ yigg°jen, yezleɣ-dd s ddqel n umezruy, ttwalan-t am ca n uqubbu i di tettban tmaziɣt di tefraz-nnes, di tnettit-nnes, mɣar a das-agg°jen, ttnesrurufen zeg umezruy, ttnestafen zi tnettit... maca di tidet, wa, yallah d ijj n lḥamas (l’enthousiasme) (Galand 1999), wer dd-itterri bu iḍennaḍ yigg°jen, anict n min daneɣ-ɣa yeqbes deg yijj n teɣmert, mani i ɣa nbelleɛ x yexf-nneɣ ijj n ubelleɛ yezmer a daneɣ-ineɣ (Taifi 2008).
Amen neẓra qbel, imaziɣen deg ugafa n tefriqt, llfen i tfinaɣ zi lqern wiss III qbel i Yeccu Lmasiḥ, waxxa qbel ma a das-llfen, wer daneɣ-dd-jjin bu ca n yeḍrisen d imeqqranen, anict n min dd-jjin tifyar (phrases), ccɣel n tebratin d tiquḍaḍin, ca iwḍen ad fehmen lmeɛna-nnes, ca yeqqim ɛad amenni. Kumasan yimaziɣen ad arin tutlayt nsen s usekkil aɛrab zi lqern wiss VIII, zegga i dd-udfen waɛraben ɣer tmura n ugafa n tefriqt. uran deg waṭṭas n yegran n tussna, amen uran ula di ddin, amecnaw lquran n ibureɣwaṭiyen (Chaker 1996). Amen uran ɛawed s usekkil alatan zi lqern XIX, aked trezzutin n yikulunyaliyen. Asekkil-a i ɣer yella lexxu ijj n ddqel d ameqran di tira n tmaziɣt, minzi aṭṭas n min yettwarun zeg-s i yella, la deg yiger n tsekla niɣ deg yiger n tesnilest, niɣ deg usexdem-nnes di tseddawitin d wammasen n trezzutin, d usexdem-nes deg wazzerg n usneɣmes d tracciwin n wemsawaḍ anamun...
Zzat i manaya, ittɣima useqsi: mayemmi tifinaɣ? Ma ḥuma a tent-negg d waf n tnettit d umezruy? niɣ d tidet d asekkil i ɣa ixedmen tutlayt tamaziɣt?
(Ad itwasḍfar deg uṭṭun id itasen).
