Di
min yeɛdun, cerkeɣ deg yijj n umsagar tegga-t tmesmunt tamerrukt n tflsafit, g
usentel (sujet) : «Asneɣmes: al mani?», lexdenni siwleɣ mseqqem x min yeɛna
wesneɣmes. Lexxu wer ttεiqqibeɣ ca ɣer useqsi-ya, minzi aqqa-neɣ deg usinag n
wesneɣmes (Institut des médias), manaya ittwassn mliḥ, ɛawed ḥuma wer nettɛiwid
i wawal waha. Maca waxxa amenni ad beddeɣ ɣer min yenna «Gregory Bateson» i
yettwalan aqqa asneɣmes d ijj n umsebḍi yesslula-dd amsebḍi, d ijj n lɛunser
yemɣer i tebridt n tgumi.
Iseɣwan
imetnen itteqnen tgumi s wesneɣmes ssnent-ten tmuṛa i yṭewwaṛen deg umeggaru n
ssettinat, maca neccin di tmura i yeggamen, bḥra nettaɣar i wuɣun-a jer tgumi d
wesneɣmes.
Merra
isefsiten ttemsagaren di twengimt yeqqaren belli amaḍal amen yekmel yettmuttuy
zeg wamun n ufares (communauté de production), ɣer yijj n wamun n wesneɣmes d
tussna, nzemmer a nini amun n "awarn i wsenneɛ" i dd-tessefruri
lmujet wiss tlata amen inna «Alvin Toffler».
D
tidet, illa umsebḍi yemɣer jer tmura ibedden x usenneɛ d tmura n umaḍal wiss
tlata, s uya wer nzemmer a neksi taɛenkrift n wuɣun jer usneɣmes d tgumi zi
tmura n ẓelmeḍ ɣer tmura n yeffus, amen yegga «Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber»
deg udlis nnes: «tanẓert tamaḍlant» (Le Défi mondial). Waxxa nruḥ di
tebridt-a, nettaf belli tanẓert n tidet ittbeddan deg wudem n umaḍal wiss tlata
nettat d mamek ɣa negg a naf timrarutin qqnent ɣer umkan i wemxumbel i umi wcin
udem d amaḍlan.
Yehwen
x uterras ad yessen aqqa tazzit n waggʷaj jer yeffus d ẓelmeḍ tettṛaḥ mɣar min
tettmerni, min ɣa kkent tmura n yeffus ɛad wer ssilyent tibridin d
tsertitin-nsent deg yiger n wesneɣmes i yellan lexxu d ijj n lɛunser n tdemsa
(l’économie) kter zeg urasmal. S uya, maḥend a ɣer-neɣ tili ijj n tnukkra d
tasneɣmast, yeffuk ad yili wesneɣmes yejhed.
Weṭṭu
d wergab ɣer deffar iqqen aked weḍfer n tmura n berra, d tmamekt (Manière) n
twafit n ineɣmisen d usefsi m-nsen. Tgumi tbedda xmi ittili ɣer uterras aṭṭas n
ineɣmisen; tgumi d ineɣmisen dewlen d tussna.
Yemmerni
wezmar (Energie) n usefsi n ineɣmisen; tiweḍ tmerniwt-a milyar n twalatin di 30
n iseggʷusa. Nettaf ɛawed lexxu ittenqama manaya s drus. Deg useggʷas n 1952
ttuɣa melyun n twaggitin tteḥdajant 10 n timinutin d 300 n idularen n umirikan.
Maca deg useggʷas n 1982, yedwel ixess mɣar azgen n tsigunt (Seconde) maḥend a
deg-s ittwagg manayenni, wer x-as ittwaɣastar kter zi 0,06 n isanten; 30000 n
twalatin qell.
Qbel
i 200 n iseggʷusa, ttuɣa tgumi tettbedda x urasmal d isegguren n umutti (moyens
de trensports). Maca lexxu lεemda aqqa-tt x tsenmalayt (Informatique) d wemyawaḍ
(Communication).
Tedwel
tgumi teqqen lebda s usefsi n ineɣmisen d tussna, nessawal x yijj n yiger n
tnafutin (services) d amaynu (asneɣmes, aselmed, tussna…), iger-a deg-s ɛlayen
55% n uyafu agʷnsan uzdig (produit intérieur brut) d ireẓẓumen n lxedmet.
Tatiknulujit
n tsenmalayt tettali deɣya-deɣya: atilifun, atiliks, atilifizyun, akumpyuter,
arrubu (Robot), tiɣit tamḥergant (intelligence artificielle)… tatiknulujit-a
tzemmer ad tessehwen x yewdan aṭṭas n tmeslayin s usexdem n tsenmalayt.
Wer
nzemmer a nessiwel x merra titiknulujitin-a, a nexzer ɣer tsenmalayt i yellan
deg wul n wuluy atiknuluji.
Wadmem
ayi ḥuma a dawem-dd-wceɣ cwayt zi min dd-yusin deg usemmal n miksiku x
tsenmalayt d tgumi i xef wafqen aseggʷas n 1981, sinyin x-as deg useggʷas-nni aṭṭas
n yemɣaren n tmura, zeg-sen amawsas amezwaru (1er Ministre) n tgeldit n
Lmerruk.
Tasenmalayt
aqqa-tt ɛlayen di merra igran n tilal n yewdan, nettat ɣer-s tizemmar d
timeqqranin ḥuma ad tessudes uluy atiqni, ad teṛẓem tiwura d timaynutin n
tdelsa d usegmi. Da qqareɣ aqqa mala nessexdem tasenmalayt s taynit, ad tili
tzemmer a daneɣ-tessefsi aṭṭas n yemxumbal iqesḥen. s uya, tzemmer a daneɣ-tessiweḍ
ɣer sslamet. Maca mala tettwaṭṭef s tebridt d tatiknuqratit niɣ d tasnammast
kter zi min yeffuk ad yili, manaya ad yerni imxumbal, ad tafed yemra a
dasen-naf ifessayen. S uya tettban-aneɣ tsenmalayt d ijj n useggur aqqa-t g
wfus n yinni ittrayen deg weswir (niveau) asertan, ademsan, anamun, d weswir
adelsan, uca ttuɣa nessawal deg weswir anamur niɣ deg weswir amaḍlan. s uya,
yeffuk ad tili tsenmalayt zi tmezwura umi ɣer tettwar taynit x merra iswiren.
Yella
yijj n ubeṭṭu yemɣer jer tmura n ẓelmeḍ d tmura n yeffus deg yiger n
tsenmalayt, nettaf di ẓelmeḍ ttɣasṭaren 95%, maca di yeffus wer ɛeddun 5%. Deg
yiger n terzut, nettaf 98% di ẓelmeḍ, akd 2% di yeffus.
Di
yeffus s yexf nnes, deg-s abeṭṭu: Amirikan zeg yijj n uɣezdis, Ajappun zeg uɣezdis
nniḍen. D manaya i yejjin ijj n umesɣun (Fonctionnaire) di trabbut tademsant n
Uruppa, qqaren as “Riccardo Petrella” ad yini:
“Tateswirt n umaḍal nzemmer neccin uruppawiyen a tt-negg, illa mala nexzar ɣer
tmegga n tetiknulujit tamaynut n tsenmalayt d min txeddem i wamun amaḍlan.
Timura n trabbut ad tenneɛtar tikli-nsent di ɛicrin n iseggʷusa i dd-yusin, wer
ttɣimint am yijj n tdemsa d tasimant (Autonome) tbedd x usenneɛ”.
I
min ɣa yini ɛad umaḍal wiss tlata?
Bdant
tmura ittsennaɛen ḥuma ad ugurent deg yijj n tebridt a deg-s meyykent x usenneɛ,
amen tegga tmurt n Ujappun umi tejja zeg usenneɛ ideqlen. ɛawed deg Umirikan
dewlen wer tteggen kter zi 40% n tzemmar-nsen deg usenneɛ.
Uluy
n tetiknulujit n tsenmalayt temsar-as am merra titiknulujitin titrarin
(modernes) , am tebyutiknulujit (biotechnologie) d (Génie génétique) d tmassant
i wmi qqaren “Microbiologie”… isrusa amxumbel n uɛawed n ubeṭṭu amaḍlan i
yzemmren ad yejj kter timura n umaḍal wiss tlata ɣer deffar.
Xmi
nessawal x unegraw (système) amaḍlan d amaynu, deg yiger n wesneɣmes, yeffuk
wer ɣer-s nxezzar belli netta d asmutti n tenfas jer xinesyat n ineɣmisen
(agences d’informations) niɣ d azuzzer n isaysen x itilifizyunen d rradyawat.
Manaya ɣer-s amkan-nnes zeg uɣezdis n tsertit d tdelsa, maca yeffuk ad ɣer-s
nerni merra imxumbal i yeqqnen s lbankat n tewciwin (banque de données) d
unesruref-nsent aked yegmiren, i yellan d amxumbel d ameqqran n umaḍal n wass-a
d umaḍal n tiwecca.
Nnehla
ma nessiwel da x usexdem n tmassant n wesneɣmes d tsenmalayt deg yegran am:
uselmed d sseḥḥet (Santé) d tfellaḥt d usenneɛ. Min yellan d aɛeffan a ɣer-s
naweḍ; netta a nini aqqa wer neḥdij ca asexdem n manaya di tmura n umaḍal wiss
tlata, i wer ɣer llin isegguren maḥend ad ssidfen tasenmalayt di tudert-nsen,
minzi ɣer-sen minked ɣa lhan nniḍen.
Necc
qqareɣ, wer lliɣ necc waha i yeqqaren manaya; belli wer tzemmer ca n tmurt zi tmura
ad taweḍ ad telha aked min tt-ittxessan illa mala tɛemmed x tetiknulujit
tamaynut deg yiger n tsenmalayt. Maca yeffuk manaya ad yekk zi daxxel aked
utekli x usefsi animan n yemxumbal , d usiɣi n ufus i ysagmen inewdanen
(ressources humaines) inimanen i dd-yeffɣen zeg umkan nni. Wer din yelli ca n
min yessaggʷaden, tasenmalayt nettat treẓẓem abrid i tussna, ḥuma ad taweḍ ɣer
tgumi n yewdan d tmura nnsen.
Yeffuk
a nessen aqqa isagmen inewdanen zi tɛenkrifin yemɣaren deg yiger n tsenmalayt,
minzi inegrawen n usegmi (systèmes d'éducation) deg umaḍal wer iwiḍen ad ksin,
ad lemden zi tegrawla n wesneɣmes s yijj n tebridt d tamassant.
Ssitimeɣ
ad tili tsurift-a deg usinag n tmassanin n wesneɣmes d tsurift ad teṭṭef
abrid-nnes amen-tenna.
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1
yunyu 1983, asinag n tmassanin n wesneɣmes, Rrbaṭ.
