Amssizwaru
Itass d umegrad a maḥned ad nssij xf tidet n tmeqqant i tuɣa jar Arrif ak timura nneɣni, ra ak Marrakec niɣ ra ak Sbanya d dzayar…
Arrif amec yeqqar Jerman ɛeyyac dg udlis nes «izuran n imenɣan n arrif», ameggaru ya ira yedja Lebda zi tmura itwaḥsaben xf ssiba, ak uɣezdis nneɣni din timura n Rmexzen, Timura n ssiba i di yedja Arrif ak tiqebbar n Atlas Timaziɣin fɣent xf tanbdaḍt tanammast n rmexzen Amarrakeci, minzi amec qqaren aṭṭaṣ n imarzzuten deg yeyyar n tmessna n umezruy belli irifien tefɣen xf mkuy tanbaḍt war tfrinen s ufus nsen, s uya ntaff taymbraṭurect taɛutmanect taturkect tbedd ɣar ibuda n yeɣzar n merwct war tarni ca ɣar zzat minzi iturkien tuɣa ssnen min i ten itrajan zzat nsen.
Taqbitct tarrifect zi rebda tuɣa tessgûr ixf nnes s ixf nnes, da nzemmar ad nini belli Arrif zi rebda tuɣa ɣar s azarug nes d tirelli nnes, u azarug a itadef ra ɣar daxer qaɛ. Mukr taqbict tuɣa war tidef di tmesrayyin n tqebict nneden, s uya taqbict dja ɣar s azarug nes ademsan d usertan u tettwassen s ca n tantala nnes, ra d timɣarin n mkur taqbict kessint deg udem nsent ict tigezzt tsfarrez itent xf temɣarin n tqebbar nneɣni, amec imezdaɣ n Arrif am imaziɣen marra tuɣa sguren ten di tmqanin nsen ak wayawya aṭṭas n izerfan ɣar yedja aẓwar ak islam n tudart nsen.
Agama n Arrif
idurar n arrif ussin d deg yzzermeḍ n tmurt n Marrakec xf uɣezdis nes din Dzayar, anaw n ugama nnes day s aṭṭas n idurar amec iyedja xf tma n yill acemrar anammas tamurt nes tuss d am tesrit n wenẓar zeg yeɣzar n Tmerwct ar tandint n Tinjis, ijyulujien tɣiren belli taseddect n idurar n Siranibada deg yeffus n Ibireya d tmurt n Arrif tuɣa msersaqen qber ma ad msbḍan, tqiccet yuɛran di arrif nettat d Tidɣin u ruɛra nes itakkawḍ ghar 2.465 M, snnej i tzeqqa n yill.
Taseddect idurar n Arrif temsbḍa xf ten n Aṭlas, day s aṭṭas n izuɣar d taganin n tseklutin n tayḍa d reɛerɛar d ubedjuḍ, maca aḥwes asbbaynu isquccar itt di tferkewt n uḥwes nes xf arrif ak tarwsa n umecraz arrifi d ucmaḍ n tmessi…(1)
Cway zg umezruy yudjɣen
Arrif zi rebda tuɣa day s imezdaɣ teddaren day s, u ggin tasebbabt ak waṭṭas n midden zg uzir umezruy ak ifiniqiyen, ggin tineddam am Rusadir (Mritc ruxa) d tiṭṭawin, awarnas Tinjis di rqan wiss smus qber i tlalit n mass ɛisa.
Awarn as dwren ayyawen i ifinqiyen iqerṭajyen nitni i yedjan zeg iyḍuḍen ijehden maca awarni imenɣan ibunikiyen jar ikerṭajiyen d irumaniyen, d ufuɣ n Ruma teɣreb zg umenɣi nni yedwer arrif zi Mawriṭanya taṭanjit, zi senni yemsar umenɣni tanya jar irifien ak iwandaliyn u ɛawed ak ibizanṭiyen d waɛraben…
Dg ussgwas n 710 n tlalit, ysselmes Sareh mis n Mensur tageldant n Nkur tarrifect, umi udfen irifiyen di ijjed n Muhemmed.
di 1490 ttfen isbunya mritch u ḥwsen tt u teqqim ɣar sen ar djexxu. di 1859 msaren imenɣan n irifiyen ak isbbunya niɣ amec itwassen imenɣan n tiṭṭawin, manaya s tagdelt amezruy unṣib i nzemmar ad naff dg idlisen n awank amarrakeci.
Maca deg umezruy yiriwen n Arrif din aṭṭas n tmsesrayin war tettwassnent ca aṭṭas amecnaw tageldit n temsamant… s minzi imaziɣen s umata war urin ca amezruy nsen s ufus nsen, maca urin xaf sen yennɣni s minzi aṭṭas n tidet truḥ, s uya ntaff aṭṭas n inemzruyen sweddaren tidet u arnin d abarru ixarriqen xf Arrif niɣ xf imaziɣen maḥned ad awḍen ɣar ugmuḍ n min inna unemzruy agranzi Pubel.
Deg umegrd a ad nekk xf tfrekiwin i yekka arrif xf 122 issgusa zeg ussgwas 1889 ar 2011, zg umenɣni n ibeqquyen ak Bucetta lbeɣdadi ar umussu n 20 febrayer d raxart n smuds n irifiyen di iyuren yeɛdan.
Ad nbedd ɣar kuy tferkwt ad as nwc min tzḍahedj, u deg imegrad nneɣni ɛad ad nedwer ɣar awank Arrifi niɣ tamurt n temsamant bac ad nekkes tayyut d tadjest xf umezruy nneɣ n Arrif .
Di rqan wis 19, tameqqant i yarrwen rmexzen d arrif ira teccur s imenɣan d ukasan (Haines), u deg yeyyar a yeqqar uɣemmis Afransis (l’observateur de moyen orient) deg uṭṭun n wass 21 Desamber 1958 «aqqa irifien zi rqan 17, nitni day sen taɣennant, war qebbren ad xaf sen tiri ca n tenbaḍt ɣar tenni ifarnen s ifassen nsen, s minzi arrif rebda ira yedja ɣar s azarug nes, s uya isseɛda ict n tsekna tzzugart n imenɣan ak rmexzen»
Amec yenna tanya anmzury d umarezzu Afransis August MOUIERRS deg udlis nes “amarrakec ur itwassnen” xf irifiyen manaya: “aẓwar nsen zeg iẓuran iqsḥen deg umaḍal, ijjen n uẓwar ɛemmars ma tuɣa t adu iwnfur, u itɛin aẓwar i yedjan waḥdes deg umaḍal, i war xafs yeqqar umezruy ca n rɛib, igherf a amezyan, tuɣa ɣar s azarug nes di marra tiwula, s uya arifi itxes ammur nnes ar weɛbaḍ»
Xmi i ɣad yxecc assgwas n 1810 ad ysqad sriman aṣulṭan aɛalawi ijjen lḥerka ɣar serwan, ad day s isscmeḍ tudrin d redcur, u ad yacar iḥnjaren bac ad ten isqeddec deg umsbudder ak ddaribat i ɣad wcen irifiyen maḥned ad arren tarwa nsen, tabridt taɛeffant isqddec rmexzen d icwaḍ nes nettat s imant nes i ɣad yegg xf ayt wariɣer d tqebbar id as innḍen deg ussgwas ni beɛḍa, minzi irifiyen xenni ugin ad wcen ddaṛiba i rmexzen ḥit dg ukud ni ira tzawa d razaɣ. di 1812 ad yeɛaqeb rmexzen ɣar tnamit nnes tazaykut u ad yareddej redcur amen kmren deg ifarxanen, ayt cicar, serwan (2).
Rmexzen ira itraja mermi ma hwan d irifiyen x isbunya bac ad arren tamurt nsen d tasɣart nsen id asen ḥwsen, ntaff itas d ak madrid mgal i wjdir, deg yeyyar a tuɣa din ictn n iḥerka beɛḍa yegg it ccix mimun deg ussgwas n umenɣni n tiṭṭawin (1859) di tawala n unbaḍ n ɛedbarhman ben hicam xf ayt cicar, deg ussgwass ni ad ttun amezruy nsen abarcan akid s carcen deg uraq n tiṭṭawin deg had teddez Madrid azedjif i fas, maca deg wansa ma ad isnimmer rmexzen irifiyen xf twiza nsen akid s, ntaff ineqqreb d akids deg ussgwas n 1864, ad iḍeg (attaquer) xf lḥusima, aḍag a ad idfar ijjen nneɣni di 1871 di tawala n muhmed ben ɛbedrrehman u ad yesslmes lḥassan amezwaru aṭtas n ddiwanat, rebda bac ad yeḥḍa irumiyen zi lbarud n ayt irifien.
Di 1889 ad yɛqeb rmexzen mgal irifiyen umi ugin ad sbedden imenɣiten nnsen ak sbanya, awarn as s kuẓ n issgusa ad tekkar deg iqerɛiyen adu thngart n Mimun n rmuxtar d ɛali arrubiyu umi ibnan isbunya ijjen lqecla tsajja xf umrabeḍ n sidi waryac, deg yeyyar a qqaren inmzruyen isbunya belli sidi waryac tuɣat d tazrut i xf arrzent turjatin nsen.
Umi id iffeɣ urumi / ibuɛ am rɛunsar
Ixarreḍ am rɛenzi / iseyyeḥ xf reɛarɛar (3).
Ar danita ad tsala tanfust n irifiyen ak sidi waryac umi iraḥ umas n lḥassan amezwaru ɣar Matiyas amɣar n mritc ad as issiweḍ tabrat n uwadem n lḥassan.
Xmi ineddakwar ɣar usatal umezruy ad naff belli ɛabdelɛziz netta yedjan d amasay amezwaru xf tiniɣi n ayt ibeqquyen, deg yeyyar ad nedwer ɣar imentilen n tidet i yejjin ɛbdelɛziz ad isqad bucetta lbeɣdadi ḥima ad isfeḍ ayt ubeqquy zi tmurt, umi ira ibeqquyen ttfen tasebbabt n yill u tugha teggen imenɣan ak iɣarruba n fransa d sbanya icten zzay sent, carfen ibeqquyen incraf d irumiyen amec aɣezdis nneɣni ra d netta icref irifiyen, da ggin imsagaren ḥuma ad arxun incraf zi sin iɣezdisa, irifiyen tuɣa aqqa ayen di tkurmut n uẓru n nkur d tinjis, u d wa d tawetilt (condition) issarsen ibeqquyen, awarni i wɛebbez n fransa xf rmexzen isrillett irifiyen zi tinjis, wami tuɣa yugi ɣar umezwaru, di 10 nwanbir 1897(4) s uya maḥned ad yarr aɛeffar ɛabdelɛziz i rmexzen yegga tiniɣni ya i ɣar d nedwer di tafult it id asen.
Tizmilin
1-inskulbideya n wikibedya
2-muḥmed lqjiri, mly muḥend d umussu arrifi, utun n sep-2007
3-teskla tamaziɣt jar tatlayt d tira d umxumber n ussuɣel, lɛumari, tafr : 67
4- leqjiri muḥmed, mly muḥend d umussu arrifi, uttun n sep – 2007
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